Diversidad genética en grupos de monos aulladores de manto (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, México)

Abstract

El mono aullador de manto Alouatta palliata mexicana es una subespecie mexicana cuyas poblaciones se han reducido por la pérdida y fragmentación de su hábitat. Esta alteración del hábitat tiene un impacto negativo sobre su diversidad genética. En este estudio se estima la diversidad genética para A. palliata mexicana en 4 grupos en hábitat continuo y 3 en fragmentos de selva, localizados en la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas. Se extrajo ADN de muestras fecales y se analizaron 13 loci de microsatélites, de los cuales 8 resultaron polimórficos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una baja diversidad genética en este primate (H o = 0.14, H e = 0.23, N a = 2.88), y una baja diferenciación genética (Fst = 0.043, p = 0.01) entre el hábitat continuo y fragmentado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar los parámetros de diversidad genética entre grupos, ni tipo de hábitat. El índice de endogamia fue positivo para cada uno de los grupos, y significativamente diferente de cero en el hábitat continuo y en los fragmentos de selva, lo cual indica una deficiencia de heterocigocidad en ambas condiciones ecológicas. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten en relación con su

Conservation implications of living in forest remnants: Inbreeding and genetic structure of the northernmost mantled howler monkeys

“…Regarding nuclear markers, the howler monkey populations we studied showed moderate genetic diversity ( H o = 0.33; H e = 0.45), similar to values previously reported for other Mexican populations (Alcocer‐Rodríguez, 2015; Jasso‐del Toro et al, 2016; Melo‐Carrillo et al, 2020; Nidiffer & Cortés‐Ortiz, 2015), and for populations from Costa Rica (Ruiz‐Garcia et al, 2007) (Table S5), based on some of the same loci. A pattern of reduction in the number of alleles per locus is observed as latitude increases, with northern Mexican populations (North cluster) showing the lowest values ( N a = 3.3) and Panama the highest ( N a = 4.9; Milton et al, 2009).…”

“…Habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main threats reducing their population sizes and viability. Assessments of genetic variation of A. p. mexicana have reported low levels of genetic diversity and different degrees of population differentiation, ranging from panmixia to moderate levels of genetic structure, at local (Argüello‐Sánchez, 2012; Dunn et al, 2014; Jasso‐del Toro et al, 2016) and regional scales (Melo‐Carrillo et al, 2020). Several semi‐captive populations (e.g., living in zoo lands but not within enclosures, or translocated into small islands) have been established from the early 1980s (Aguilar‐Melo et al, 2013; Rodríguez‐Luna et al, 2003), for which no genetic surveys have been performed.…”

Co-structure analysis and genetic associations reveal insights into pinworms (Trypanoxyuris) and primates (Alouatta palliata) microevolutionary dynamics

“…We predicted higher differentiation in the parasites due to their dependent and more restricted migration. However, despite the presence of two genetic clusters (West and East) in both parasites and their host, genetic structure and genetic differentiation, contrary to our prediction, were stronger in the host than in both pinworms species, in agreement with limited dispersal in the primate as previously documented for this species [ 40 – 42 ]. Mazé-Guilmo et al [ 5 ] suggest that variables related to host dispersal could be poor predictors of genetic patterns in parasites, and that alternative factors like the host’s and the parasite’s biology are also key drivers of the codistribution of their genetic variation.…”

Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite–host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates

“…palliata tending to be less genetically diverse across its geographical range than the spider monkeys, At. geoffroyi (Jasso-del Toro et al ., 2016; Ruiz-García et al ., 2016, 2017). Moreover, the genetic distinctiveness of Al.…”