Diversidade genética de cultivares de alho avaliada por marcadores RAPD

Abstract

A variabilidade genética de genótipos de alho mantidos em Bancos de Germoplasma tem sido bastante investigada com marcadores morfológicos e bioquímicos; porém, as informações obtidas com esses marcadores têm

Genetic divergence among Brazilian garlic cultivars based on morphological characters and AFLP markers

“…Vieira and Nodari (2007) evaluated the genetic similarity of 20 garlic cultivars with RAPD markers and observed the following possible clones with 100% genetic similarity: Fuego-INTA, Caxiense, and Colorado; Softsteim, Hardsteim, and Russo; Caçador 40 and Caçador 30, and Jonas and Quitéria, which was similar to that observed in our study. Importantly, the San Valentin cultivar has several regional names, being referred to as San Valentin in Rio Grande do Sul, Esmeralda in Santa Catarina, and Caxiense in Paraná (Vieira and Nodari, 2007). The same has been reported for the Ito and Caçador cultivars, and it is suspected that the Ito cultivar is a selected form of the Caçador cultivar.…”

“…This type of reproduction does not allow meiotic recombination, making it impossible to obtain genetic recombinants and hindering the development of cultivars that are adapted to different growing conditions (Vieira and Nodari, 2007). Thus, the available cultivars of garlic are a result of the accumulation of somatic mutations in the basic crop material.…”

“…However, morphological markers have limitations, mainly because they are directly affected by the environment, which often makes their evaluation unreliable. In addition to environmental factors, most of these markers can only be evaluated in adult plants, which not only require time and space for plant growth but also increase the cost of analysis (Vieira and Nodari, 2007). Another problem with this analysis is that there are few morphological markers described in the literature, which is a limiting factor for the differentiation of cultivars under study.…”

Genetic variability of garlic accessions as revealed by agro-morphological traits evaluated under different environments

“…Draghi and Whitlock (2012) refers to the phenotypic plasticity to explain the magnitudes of variation observed in environmental-related traits, i.e., the same genotype or clone can show morphological variation according to environmental factors such as soil, climate, and humidity. This is probably because the garlic cultivars may show distinct characteristics in different environments, it may be noted significant differences in plant development, the length and width of the leaves in the crop cycle, the premature sprouting, conformation, size and bulb color and also in the number, size, shape, and coloring of bulbils (Vieira and Nodari, 2007).…”

Desenvolvimento de marcadores microssatélites e caracterização da diversidade genética molecular de acessos de alho (Allium sativum L.)

“…Em eucariotos, a taxa de mutação é estimada entre 10 -7 e 10 -3 mutações por loco por geração e a variação genética encontrada é, em geral, caracterizada por elevada heterozigosidade e múltiplos alelos (ELLEGREN, 2004 (ELLEGREN, 2004;OLIVEIRA et al, 2006). As estatísticas de Slatkin (1995) e as de Nei (1973) FORD-LLOYD, 1997;MOTA et al, 2004MOTA et al, , 2006BAGHALIAN et al, 2005;BRANDOLINI et al, 2005;FIGLIUOLO;DI STEFANO, 2007;NODARI, 2007;BUSO et al, 2008 (KIM et al, 2009;LEE et al, 2003). Técnicas de transformação genética via Agrobacterium e bombardeamento já estão disponíveis na literatura, ampliando ainda mais as possibilidades de estudos genéticos com a obtenção de transgênicos, de interesse acadêmico ou até comercial (KENEL; EADY; BRINCH, 2010; SAWAHEL, 2002;ZHENG et al, 2004).…”