Diversification and Spatial Differentiation of Villages’ Functional Types in the New Period of China: Results from Hierarchical Urban-Rural Spatial Relations and Townships Size

Abstract

In recent years, in rural geographic studies, the topic of multifunctions of rural areas has been gaining increasing interest, especially in China, which, as an agricultural power, is undergoing new urbanization and rural revitalization. As far as China is concerned, to classify administrative villages from the perspective of their functions will contribute to scientifically guiding the configuration of urban-rural factors in terms of different regions and villages multifunctional types. This paper takes 3042 administrative villages of Tai’an city of Shandong province in eastern China as its basic study units and establishes a mapping system between land use types and rural territorial sub-functions, identifies their multifunctional types via cluster analysis, quantitatively analyzes their influencing factors with multivariate logistic regression, and summarizes their spatial structure characteristics. The results show that: 3042 administrative villages in Tai’an city can be functionally classified into seven types. The village multifunctional types are jointly decided by cities and natural production conditions. The distribution of all types of villages shows a “non-agricultural production to agricultural production” outward expansion structure. Our study can expand the research contents and methods of rural territorial multifunction.

Social Network Analysis of Farmers after the Private Cooperatives’ “Intervention” in a Rural Area of China—A Case Study of the XiangX Cooperative in Shandong Province

“…The network efficiency (NE) is a measure of redundant lines that exist in a network that make the network less stable. The closer the network efficiency is to 0, the lower the number of redundant lines in the network and the more stable the network [63]. M denotes the number of redundant lines.…”

“…The network hierarchy (NH) is the asymmetric accessibility among directed network members. The closer the network level is to 1, the more hierarchical the network is, which presents the central node on the network [63]. Assuming that the number of symmetric reachable point pairs in the network is K, the NH can be expressed as…”

“…The network correlation (NC) indicates the connectivity of nodes in a network. The closer the NC value is to 1, the fewer isolated nodes there are in the network and the better the network connectivity is [63]. If a network has N nodes, and the number of node pairs that are not reachable to each other is V, then the network correlation degree (NC) is expressed as follows:…”

Microclimate-Adaptive Morphological Parametric Design of Streets and Alleys in Traditional Villages

“…With the rapid development of urbanization, the modern lifestyle also affects the original lifestyle of the village. The ancient village has been unable to meet the people's production and life needs [14]. This paper is based on the spatial and historical integrity of the ancient villages to analyze the studied Qingshui Village (Table 1).…”

Spatial Differentiation Effect of Rural Logistics in Urban Agglomerations in China Based on the Fuzzy Neural Network

“…Some famous urban agglomerations include the Atlantic coastal urban agglomeration in the northeastern United States [4,5], the Great Lakes urban agglomeration in the United States [6,7], the Pacific coastal urban agglomeration in Japan [8], the urban agglomeration in England with London as its center [9], the Paris-centered northwest Europe urban agglomeration [10], and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China [11]. By publishing policies on new urbanization and rural revitalization [12], the Chinese government has focused on developing four urban agglomerations from 2021 to 2025: the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions, and the Chengdu-Chongqing region. Logistics is a key link for the development of urban agglomeration [13,14].…”