Diversification of Genes Encoding Mei2-Like RNA Binding Proteins in Plants

Anderson, Garrett H; Alvarez, Nena de Guzman; Gilman, Carmel; Jeffares, Daniel C.; Trainor, Vernon C W; Hanson, Maureen R.; Veit, Bruce

doi:10.1023/b:plan.0000040819.33383.b6

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition, the occurrence of 'subfamily-specific' sequence motifs was previously noted in case of a few plant multigene families (e.g. Griffiths et al, 2003;Anderson et al, 2004;Tian et al, 2004). The Arabidopsis genome is thought to have undergone at least two major episodes of duplication, one likely after the monocot-dicot divergence ($200 million years ago; Wolfe et al, 1989) and another more recently, before the ArabidopsisBrassica rapa split and probably during the early emergence of the crucifer family ($24-40 million years ago; Blanc et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Discovery of Novel Conserved Peptide Domains by Ortholog Comparison within Plant Multi-Protein Families

Panstruga

2005

Plant Mol Biol

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Assigning individual functions to the proteins encoded by the genome of the dicotyledonous reference species Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the major challenges in current plant molecular biology. Frequently, Arabidopsis protein families are biocomputationally analyzed by multiple amino acid sequence alignments of the respective family members for detection of conserved peptide motifs that might be of functional relevance. Mere sequence alignment of paralogous sequences may obscure amino acid patches that are highly conserved amongst orthologs and thus potentially relevant for isoform-specific protein function(s). Here I exemplarily illustrate this potential pitfall by amino acid sequence alignments of the heptahelical MLO proteins using either the suite of 15 isoforms (paralogs) encoded by the Arabidopsis genome or a collection of 13 ortholog sequences derived from a set of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species. The findings are corroborated by an analogous analysis of the distinct plant multi-protein family of CONSTANS-like transcription regulators. The data reveal that the generally higher sequence similarity of orthologs versus paralogs is not uniformly distributed among the amino acid positions of the orthologs but at least partially clustered in distinct sites/domains, suggesting conservation of isoform-specific functional modules across taxa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Discovery of Novel Conserved Peptide Domains by Ortholog Comparison within Plant Multi-Protein Families

Panstruga

2005

Plant Mol Biol

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“…The expression patterns for the five genes were closely related and showed substantial overlap, suggesting likely functional redundancy within the gene family. Expression of the AML genes in meristems has also been reported by Anderson et al (2004). To determine the function of the AML genes, we first employed an RNAi-based approach using a conserved region that could specifically target all members of the AML gene family for inhibition of expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TERMINAL EAR1 (TE1) gene of maize was the first plant mei2-like gene to be functionally characterized, and the analysis indicated that it acts to control phyllotaxy and leaf initiation in the meristem by negatively regulating the number and position of the sites of leaf initiation (Veit et al, 1998). A bioinformatic study has shown that mei2-like genes are widespread in the plant kingdom, where they constitute a diversified group comprising distinct clades, and are also found in alveolates (Anderson et al, 2004;Jeffares et al, 2004). In Arabidopsis, there are nine mei2-related genes distributed over three clades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheArabidopsis-mei2-LikeGenes Play a Role in Meiosis and Vegetative Growth inArabidopsis

2006

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The Arabidopsis-mei2-Like (AML) genes comprise a five-member gene family related to the mei2 gene, which is a master regulator of meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and encodes an RNA binding protein. We have analyzed the AML genes to assess their role in plant meiosis and development. All five AML genes were expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Analysis of AML1-AML5 expression at the cellular level indicated a closely similar expression pattern. In the inflorescence, expression was concentrated in the shoot apical meristem, young buds, and reproductive organ primordia. Within the reproductive organs, strong expression was observed in meiocytes and developing gametes. Functional analysis using RNA interference (RNAi) and combinations of insertion alleles revealed a role for the AML genes in meiosis, with RNAi lines and specific multiple mutant combinations displaying sterility and a range of defects in meiotic chromosome behavior. Defects in seedling growth were also observed at low penetrance. These results indicate that the AML genes play a role in meiosis as well as in vegetative growth and reveal conservation in the genetic mechanisms controlling meiosis in yeast and plants.

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis is the finding that PLA2 appears to function independently of PLA1 in rice (Kawakatsu et al, 2006), similar to the relationship between miR156/SPLs and CYP78A5 in Arabidopsis. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether TE1/PLA2 homologs fulfill related roles in Arabidopsis, especially since the most similar genes, TEL1 and TEL2, are expressed in the shoot apical meristem only, different from TE1 and PLA2 (Anderson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Nonautonomous Effects On Plastochron Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Effects of miR156-TargetedSPLGenes andCYP78A5/KLUHon Plastochron Length and Organ Size inArabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2008

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Leaves of flowering plants are produced from the shoot apical meristem at regular intervals, with the time that elapses between the formation of two successive leaf primordia defining the plastochron. We have identified two genetic axes affecting plastochron length in Arabidopsis thaliana. One involves microRNA156 (miR156), which targets a series of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. In situ hybridization studies and misexpression experiments demonstrate that miR156 is a quantitative, rather than spatial, modulator of SPL expression in leaf primordia and that SPL activity nonautonomously inhibits initiation of new leaves at the shoot apical meristem. The second axis is exemplified by a redundantly acting pair of cytochrome P450 genes, CYP78A5/KLUH and CYP78A7, which are likely orthologs of PLASTOCHRON1 of rice (Oryza sativa). Inactivation of CYP78A5, which is expressed at the periphery of the shoot apical meristem, accelerates the leaf initiation rate, whereas cyp78a5 cyp78a7 double mutants often die as embryos with supernumerary cotyledon primordia. The effects of both miR156-targeted SPL genes and CYP78A5 on organ size are correlated with changes in plastochron length, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism that links the rate at which leaves are produced to final leaf size.

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Diversification of Genes Encoding Mei2-Like RNA Binding Proteins in Plants

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Discovery of Novel Conserved Peptide Domains by Ortholog Comparison within Plant Multi-Protein Families

Discovery of Novel Conserved Peptide Domains by Ortholog Comparison within Plant Multi-Protein Families

TheArabidopsis-mei2-LikeGenes Play a Role in Meiosis and Vegetative Growth inArabidopsis

Dual Effects of miR156-TargetedSPLGenes andCYP78A5/KLUHon Plastochron Length and Organ Size inArabidopsis thaliana

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