Diversification of Livelihoods in a Society in Transition: A Case Study of Tibetan Communities in Southwest China

Huber, Franz K.; Yang, Yongping; Weckerle, Caroline S.; Seeland, Klaus

doi:10.1080/08941920.2014.901465

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ineffectiveness of remittance to reduce poverty in the long run in Nepal is due to its adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts, which have been discussed in studies related to outmigration [57,60,62]. Diversified subsistence LSs as shown by the results to be less profitable strategies in terms of income earning, although it reflects better subsistence capacity which also is the most important aspect of poverty reduction in developing countries [43]. However, generating higher income is perhaps the most effective solution for reducing poverty and increasing a poor household's resilience capacity [63].…”

Section: Livelihood Strategy Income and Implication For Poverty Redmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…We excluded the amount of household consumption income and the cost of family labour in calculating the production cost as in previous studies [17,24,42]. Despite home consumption contributing to a large proportion of the total household's income [43], we aimed to identify livelihood strategies capable of reducing absolute poverty, where cash earning or nominal income is considered as the suitable proxy [44]. Besides, calculating actual labour time and costs for family farm labour (shadow wage) involves several inaccuracies including the hours of family members who work partially in the farm (e.g., elderly people, school going children) which constitutes a large portion of the family labor [45,46].…”

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Understanding household livelihood strategies is pivotal to minimize rural poverty in the least developed countries like Nepal. This study is an attempt to assess livelihood strategies pursued by rural households, investigate the most remunerative strategy, and identify the factors that influence a household's choice of better strategies in rural Nepal. Primary data collected in 453 households from three villages of central Nepal are analyzed quantitatively within a sustainable livelihood framework. This study categorized households into five main livelihood strategy groups. The results showed that the majority (61%) of the households diversified their income to non-farm sources. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies adopted by 16% of the households is the most remunerative strategy followed by commercial farming that includes 13% of the sample and are more relevant to poverty reduction. Land holding, education, agriculture and skill training, access to credit, and proximity to the road and market center are the major influencing factors on the adoption of higher returning livelihood strategies. Stimulating poor households to follow market-oriented farm and non-farm activities by improving access to education, vocational training, rural credit, and rural infrastructures is momentous for reducing poverty in the rural areas of central Nepal.

show abstract

Section: Livelihood Strategy Income and Implication For Poverty Redmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Income Source and Income Accountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Against the backdrop of rural-urban transformation in China, great changes have taken place in the rural human-environment relationships, and the choices of household livelihood strategies have become more diversified [32][33][34]. In this article, local households can be grouped into three types that pursue similar livelihood strategies, specifically, farming, local off-farm, and labor-migrant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Livelihood Strategy Choices, Impact Factors, and Environmental Consequences in Miyun Reservoir Watershed, China

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Household livelihood strategies are embedded in the natural and socioeconomic contexts in which people live. Analyzing the factors that influence household livelihood choice and defining their consequences can be beneficial for informing rural household policies. In turn, this has great significance for fostering sustainable livelihood strategies. We grouped household livelihood strategies based on the income distribution of 756 households and analyzed their influencing factors and possible livelihood consequences in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir, the only source of surface water currently available for domestic use in Beijing, China. Local farmers' livelihood strategies can be grouped into three types: farming, local off-farm, and labor-migrant. Farming households have the lowest livelihood capitals, other than natural capital, compared with labor-migrant households and off-farm households, the latter having better livelihood capital status. Geographical location, natural capital, household structure, labor quality, and ecological policies are the main factors affecting farmers' choice of livelihood strategy. Local off-farm households have a significantly lower dependency on firewood, land resources, and investment than that of farming and labor-migrant households, and have the highest reliance on fossil fuel. This household classification can help us understand the livelihood characteristics, impact factors, and consequences of different types of household strategies, which also suggest tailored policy and management options to promote sustainable livelihoods based on different household types.

show abstract

“…While in the Tibetan Shuiluo Valley, Sichuan Province, the highest education in the household is not correlated with any livelihood strategy, the mean household education level is negatively correlated with the percentage of income from gold prospecting, but positively correlated with the percentage of income from public service employment to the households' total cash income. Education is generally correlated with higher total cash income [33]. The contrasting role of education in livelihood strategies, especially migration, has also been found by Démurger et al [23] in Northern China, where a higher education level increased the likelihood of local off-farm employment but did not influence migration decisions.…”

Section: Education and Livelihood Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Most household livelihoods were found to be diversified, which is a common pattern in mountain environments [33,[35][36][37]. The importance of agriculture to mountain households is shown in Table 4, illustrating that the percentage of subsistence income as a proportion of their total income is 12.7% in low-income households and 22.4% in high-income households.…”

Section: Diversity Of Livelihood Strategies In Mountain and Valley Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Livelihood Strategies in Shaxi, Southwest China: Conceptualizing Mountain–Valley Interactions as a Human–Environment System

Huber

Morlok²,

Weckerle

et al. 2015

Sustainability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper investigates the socio-ecological differences and interactions between upland and lowland areas in Shaxi Valley, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. As an analytical tool we used an extended Human-Environment System Framework by focusing particularly on the dynamics and sustainability of livelihood strategies and mountain-valley interactions. Drawing from household surveys conducted in two mountain and two valley communities in 2005 and 2009, we show that the distinct income gap between mountain and valley households in 2005 ceased to exist in 2009. The main drivers for this development are the local tourist industry, persistent demand for forest resources, as well as local off-farm and seasonal migrant employment.

show abstract

Diversification of Livelihoods in a Society in Transition: A Case Study of Tibetan Communities in Southwest China

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Household Livelihood Strategy Choices, Impact Factors, and Environmental Consequences in Miyun Reservoir Watershed, China

Livelihood Strategies in Shaxi, Southwest China: Conceptualizing Mountain–Valley Interactions as a Human–Environment System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About