Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes

Albert, James S.; Tagliacollo, Victor A.; Dagosta, Fernando César Paiva

doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011620-031032

Cited by 188 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…These two lineages each contain younger temperate members (Cavender, 1998). These results are consistent with a body of evidence from fossil and molecular data that the modern Neotropical biota was assembled over deep time scales rather than from recent diversification (Albert & Reis, 2011; Albert et al., 2020; Antonelli et al., 2018; Hoorn et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evolutionary time best explains the latitudinal diversity gradient of living freshwater fish diversity

Miller

Román‐Palacios

2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim The evolutionary causes of the latitudinal diversity gradient are debated. Hypotheses have ultimately invoked either faster rates of diversification in the tropics or more time for diversification owing to the tropical origins of higher taxa. Here, we perform the first test of the diversification rate and time hypotheses in freshwater ray‐finned fishes, a group comprising nearly a quarter of all living vertebrates. Location Global. Time period 368–0 Ma. Major taxa studied Extant freshwater ray‐finned fishes. Methods Using a mega‐phylogeny of actinopterygian fishes and a global database of occurrence records, we estimated net diversification rates, the number of colonizations and regional colonization times of co‐occurring species in freshwater drainage basins. We used generalized additive models to test whether these factors were related to latitude. We then compared the influence of diversification rates, numbers of colonizations, colonization times and surface area on species richness, and how these factors are related to each other. Results Although both diversification rates and time were related to richness, time had greater explanatory power and was more strongly related to latitude than diversification rates. Other factors (basin surface area and number of colonizations) also helped to explain richness but were unrelated to latitude. The most diverse freshwater basins of the world (Amazon and Congo rivers) were dominated by lineages having Mesozoic origins. The temperate groups dominant today arrived near the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, leaving comparatively less time to build richness. Diversification rates and colonization times were inversely related: recently colonized basins had the fastest rates, whereas ancient species‐rich faunas had slower rates. Main conclusions We concluded that time is the leading driver of latitudinal disparities in richness in freshwater fish faunas. We suggest that the most likely path to building very high species richness is through diversification over long periods of time, rather than through rapid diversification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evolutionary time best explains the latitudinal diversity gradient of living freshwater fish diversity

Miller

Román‐Palacios

2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…Particularly, the large river networks found in the Neotropical region contain the world’s richest biodiversity. Despite the large geographic distribution of the Neotropical fish families, different species are found inhabiting adjacent river basins split by vicariant events millions of years ago [ 2 ]. In the same way, species inhabiting small streams, with limited migration opportunities, tend to present an increased rate of speciation [ 3 ], even in parapatric populations [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Rearranged Karyotypes and Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Armored Catfishes from the Genus Harttia (Teleostei, Siluriformes)

Deon

Glugoski

Vicari

et al. 2020

Genes

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Harttia comprises an armored catfish genus endemic to the Neotropical region, including 27 valid species with low dispersion rates that are restricted to small distribution areas. Cytogenetics data point to a wide chromosomal diversity in this genus due to changes that occurred in isolated populations, with chromosomal fusions and fissions explaining the 2n number variation. In addition, different multiple sex chromosome systems and rDNA loci location are also found in some species. However, several Harttia species and populations remain to be investigated. In this study, Harttia intermontana and two still undescribed species, morphologically identified as Harttia sp. 1 and Harttia sp. 2, were cytogenetically analyzed. Harttia intermontana has 2n = 52 and 2n = 53 chromosomes, while Harttia sp. 1 has 2n = 56 and 2n = 57 chromosomes in females and males, respectively, thus highlighting the occurrence of an XX/XY1Y2 multiple sex chromosome system in both species. Harttia sp. 2 presents 2n = 62 chromosomes for both females and males, with fission events explaining its karyotype diversification. Chromosomal locations of the rDNA sites were also quite different among species, reinforcing that extensive rearrangements had occurred in their karyotype evolution. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments among some Harttia species evidenced a shared content of the XY1Y2 sex chromosomes in three of them, thus pointing towards their common origin. Therefore, the comparative analysis among all Harttia species cytogenetically studied thus far allowed us to provide an evolutionary scenario related to the speciation process of this fish group.

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“…This is in line with previous work on Podostemaceae, where high levels of differentiation among populations of Hydrobium japonicum and Cladopus doianus in Japan and of Podostemum irgangii in Brazil were attributed to be the result of reduced dispersal due to their restricted habitat (Baggio et al , 2013; Katayama et al , 2016). This pattern is also seen in freshwater fishes (which share the same habitat as Marathrum ) where range evolution is generally constrained by watershed boundaries (Albert & Crampton, 2010; Lujan & Armbruster, 2011; Musilová et al , 2013; Picq et al , 2014; Roxo et al , 2014; Tagliacollo et al , 2015; Lujan et al , 2019; Albert et al , 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In the Neotropics, the most species-rich region in the world, the uplift of the Andean Cordillera is thought to have contributed directly and indirectly to the assembly of the terrestrial biota (Janzen, 1967; Kattan et al , 2004; Antonelli & Sanmartín, 2011; Sklenář et al , 2011; Smith et al , 2014; Hoorn et al , 2018; Quintero & Jetz, 2018). However, by shifting the physical locations of watershed boundaries, connecting and disconnecting adjacent river basins, (Albert & Crampton, 2010; Hoorn et al , 2010; Tagliacollo et al , 2015; Ruokolainen et al , 2019) the uplift of the Andean Cordillera has also impacted the evolution of organisms living in rivers as has been shown in fish (Albert et al , 2006, 2020; Picq et al , 2014; Tagliacollo et al , 2015). The role of Andean uplift in Neotropical plant evolution has been investigated in terrestrial groups living in mountains (Richardson et al , 2018), where a correlation of Andean orogeny with increased diversification rates (Lagomarsino et al , 2016; Pérez-Escobar et al , 2017; Testo et al , 2019), and explosive radiation in taxa in high-elevation tropical ecosystems (Hughes & Eastwood, 2006; Madriñán et al , 2013; Nürk et al , 2013; Nevado et al , 2018) have been inferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andean uplift, drainage basin formation, and the evolution of riverweeds(Marathrum,Podostemaceae)in northern South America

2020

Preprint

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SummaryNorthern South America is a geologically dynamic and species-rich region. While fossil and stratigraphic data show that reconfiguration of river drainages resulted from mountain uplift in the tropical Andes, investigations of the impact of landscape change on the evolution of the flora in the region have been restricted to terrestrial taxa.We explore the role of landscape change on the evolution of plants living strictly in rivers across drainage basins in northern South America by conducting population structure, phylogenomic, phylogenetic networks, and divergence-dating analyses for populations of riverweeds (Marathrum, Podostemaceae).We show that mountain uplift and drainage basin formation isolated populations of Marathrum and created barriers to gene flow across rivers drainages. Sympatric species hybridize and the hybrids show the phenotype of one parental line. We propose that the pattern of divergence of populations reflect the formation of river drainages, which was not complete until <4 MaOur study provides a clear picture of the role of landscape change in shaping the evolution of riverweeds in northern South America, advances our understanding of the reproductive biology of this remarkable group of plants, and spotlights the impact of hybridization in phylogenetic inference.

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Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes

Cited by 188 publications

References 132 publications

Evolutionary time best explains the latitudinal diversity gradient of living freshwater fish diversity

Evolutionary time best explains the latitudinal diversity gradient of living freshwater fish diversity

Highly Rearranged Karyotypes and Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Armored Catfishes from the Genus Harttia (Teleostei, Siluriformes)

Andean uplift, drainage basin formation, and the evolution of riverweeds(Marathrum,Podostemaceae)in northern South America

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