Diversification of P450 Genes During Land Plant Evolution

Abstract

Plant cytochromes P450 (P450s) catalyze a wide variety of monooxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in primary and secondary metabolism. The number of P450 genes in plant genomes is estimated to be up to 1% of total gene annotations of each plant species. This implies that diversification within P450 gene superfamilies has led to the emergence of new metabolic pathways throughout land plant evolution. The conserved P450 families contribute to chemical defense mechanisms under terrestrial conditions and several are involved in hormone biosynthesis and catabolism. Species-specific P450 families are essential for the biosynthetic pathways of species-specialized metabolites. Future genome-wide analyses of P450 gene clusters and coexpression networks should help both in identifying the functions of many orphan P450s and in understanding the evolution of this versatile group of enzymes.

Genetic control of a cytochrome P450 metabolism-based herbicide resistance mechanism in Lolium rigidum

“…Cytochrome P450s are a large family of plant enzymes, some of which are capable of herbicide metabolism, at least in grass species (Powles and Yu, 2010). In plants there are many P450 genes evident (300 genes have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome) and chemical defense seems to be a major reason for plant P450 diversification (Yuan et al, 2007;Mizutani and Ohta, 2010). In this inheritance study the P450-based herbicide metabolism in one L. rigidum population is likely conferred by two genes.…”

“…Plant cytochrome P450 enzymes have a paramount role in detoxification pathways and can be responsible for herbicide detoxification by metabolism (Schuler, 1996;Mizutani and Ohta, 2010). Herbicide metabolism/ detoxification catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes is a prominent herbicide resistance mechanism evolved in some herbicide resistant weed populations (Powles and Yu, 2010).…”

Evolutionary Toxicogenomics: Diversification of the Cyp12d1 and Cyp12d3 Genes in Drosophila Species

“…P450s perform a variety of heme-dependent oxidative reactions, often adding hydroxyl groups to lipophilic molecules and allowing them to serve as substrates for subsequent conversions and modifications. While this basic type of oxidative reaction is conserved across the many taxa containing P450 genes (bacteria, yeast, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates), the functions performed differ from gene to gene and range from the biosynthesis of hormones, fatty acids, and pheromones to the detoxification of drugs, phytochemicals, and insecticides (Guengerich 2005;Kelly et al 2005;Schuler et al 2006;Li et al 2007;Mizutani and Ohta 2010;Bak et al 2011;Feyereisen 2011;Schuler 2011). With their multiple roles in development and growth, as well as in response to environmental assaults, their involvement in the initial stages of the detoxification process makes understanding their evolution important to future ecological and toxicological studies.…”

Cytochrome P450 CYP81A12 and CYP81A21 Are Associated with Resistance to Two Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors in Echinochloa phyllopogon

“…Hundreds of P450 genes exist in plant genomes, and each P450 participates in various biochemical pathways to produce primary and secondary metabolites (Mizutani and Ohta, 2010). Several herbicide-metabolizing P450s have been identified in a number of plant species (Siminszky, 2006).…”