Diversity analysis of genetic, agronomic, and quality characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in Turkey

Abstract

Turkey is an important bread wheat producer. The objective of this study was to dissect the diversity of genetic, agronomic, and quality characteristics of bread wheat cultivars grown on 25% of the total wheat area in Turkey. A total of 24 wheat cultivars and 5 wild progenitors of wheat were examined using 24 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers with a known physical locus on the A, B, and D genomes of hexaploid wheat. A total of 72 bands produced 939 alleles on the wheat cultivars and wild progenitors. Markers were efficient in discriminating the species and the highest genetic diversity information was obtained from the markers Xgwm312 and Xgwm372. Microsatellite markers clearly separated cv. Pandas from all other cultivars although it was closely related to most of them in terms of agronomic and quality traits. Four agronomic characteristics including yield component traits and eight bread quality analyses were used for the diversity analyses. A significant association between morphological and bread wheat quality traits was observed while the correlation was weak with the genetic data. Cultivars were also classified with respect to release year and origin. Molecular variance between old (released before the year 2000) and new cultivars accounted for 1% of the total variation and the variance was 3% between national and foreign cultivars. Results showed that the number of alleles was lower in national and new cultivars compared to foreign and old cultivars. Therefore, breeding sources do not appear to improve the genetic base of wheat cultivars in Turkey. Introducing new variation sources may be needed to broaden the narrowed gene pool of bread wheat.

Effect of date of heading on variation of basic components of productivity of winter wheat

“…In that case is important the variation depends much stronger on degree of environmental conditions than by genetic potentialities of a variety. Similar results were reported by (Mohammad et al, 2005;Erayman et al, 2016). High grain yield is a result of the possible compromise combination of high values of the components of productivity (Yao et al, 2014;Mesele et al, 2016).…”

Genetic gains in grain yield in spring wheat in Turkey

“…So far the yield genetic gains demonstrated in this study have sustained the production growth in Turkey. In a recent study of 24 Turkish spring wheat varieties, Erayman et al (2016) expressed concern about the narrowing of genetic diversity. Some of the CIMMYT-originated lines released and cultivated in Turkey (e.g., KAUZ=Seyhan-95, Basribey-95 and Menemen;VEERY=Kaklic-88;ATTILA=Meta-2002) are also cultivated in Iran, Pakistan, India, Egypt, and other countries, on a total area exceeding millions of hectares.…”

The effects of cadmium on growth, some anatomical and physiological parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Wheat is a plant belonging to the genus Triticum from the Poaceae family. It is a selfpollinating, one-year monocot plant, with fringed roots and caryopsis type fruit [41]. Wheat can be grouped in three categories, according to the number of chromosomes as; 14 (diploid), 28 (tetraploid) and 42 (hexaploid).…”