Diversity and cytological studies of the Genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S. 2021. Diversity and cytological studies on the genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3209-3218. A comprehensive diversity and cytological studies of the genus Amomum Roxb. in Thailand have not been reported. This work aims to study the diversity and cytological including chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Bakerin Thailand. Ten species of Amomum were recognized from Thailand. Nomenclatures, vernacular names, distribution, ecology, and traditional utilization are provided. Only Amomum wandokthong is widely cultivated in all parts in Thailand. Four living species, i.e. Amomum curtisii, A. monophyllum, A. trilobum, and A. wandokthong have been collected from field trips. Therefore, the somatic chromosome numbers from four species of this genus were studied from root tips. The somatic chromosome numbers of each species in this study were counted from 20 cells. The karyotype formulas were derived from measurements of the metaphase chromosomes in photomicrographs. The chromosome numbers of four species were found to be 2n = 48. Karyotypes of four species were reported to be Amomum curtisii (32m + 8sm + 8st), A. monophyllum (26m + 12sm + 10st), A. trilobum (18m + 24sm + 6st), and A. wandokthong (28m + 16sm + 4st with five visible satellites chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of A. monophyllum and A. wandokthong were reported for the first time. The karyotypes of four species were studied for the first time.

Cytogenetics of Five Edible Species of the Genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

“…This research demonstrates that a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 22 is the most common in Kaempferia, consistent with previous studies [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The five species studied, Kaempferia minuta, K. phuphanensis, K. sisaketensis, K. takensis, and K. udonensis, also had somatic chromosome numbers of 2n = 22.…”

“…Chromosome morphology can provide valuable data to better understand phylogenetic relationships among various taxa [10,11]. Previous studies have shown that the basic chromosome number in Kaempferia is x = 11, with polyploidy and aneuploidy occurring among the different species, including K. angustifolia (2n = 33), K. elegans (2n = 22 and 33), K. filifolia (2n = 22), K. galanga (2n = 55), K. koratensis (2n = 44), K. larsenii (2n = 22), K. marginata (2n = 44), K. parviflora (2n = 22), K. pulchra (2n = 22), K. roscoeana (2n = 22), K. rotunda (2n = 22 and 33), K. saraburiensis (2n = 22), and K. siamensis (2n = 22), and their karyotype formulae has not been reported before [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. To date, the chromosome number and karyology of K. minuta, K. phuphanensis, K. sisaketensis, K. takensis, and K. udonensis are unknown.…”

“…The genus Kaempferia L. is a large genus of the family Zingiberaceae [1]. The genus Kaempferia has 52 accepted species native to the southeast Asian region, including some islands in the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos [2], and it has been utilized for ornamental flowers and leaves, food plants, ritual plants, and various herbaceous plants [3][4][5][6]. Important species include Kaempferia galanga, K. marginata, K. parviflora, K. pulchra, and K. rotunda [6,7].…”

“…Horticulturae 2024, 10, 633 2 of 10 and 33), K. saraburiensis (2n = 22), and K. siamensis (2n = 22), and their karyotype formulae has not been reported before [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. To date, the chromosome number and karyology of K. minuta, K. phuphanensis, K. sisaketensis, K. takensis, and K. udonensis are unknown.…”

Karyotype analysis from four species of edible plants in northeastern Thailand

“…The diploid chromosome numbers of each specimen in this study were counted from 20 cells. For the arrangement of the karyotypes, the following parameters, such as average length of the short arm (Ls), average length of the long arm (Ll), length of each chromosome (LT), average measurement of relative length (RL), chromosome index (CI), standard deviation (SD) of RL and CI from metaphase chromosomes, were calculated by the methods of Saensouk et al (2019), Senavongse et al (2018;2020), Saensouk and Saensouk (2021a) and Saensouk and Saensouk (2021b).…”