Diversity and Distribution of Meroplanktonic Larvae in the Pacific Arctic and Connectivity With Adult Benthic Invertebrate Communities

Ershova, E. A.; Descôteaux, Raphaëlle; Wangensteen, Owen S.; Iken, Katrin; Hopcroft, R.R.; Smoot, Caitlin A.; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Bluhm, Bodil A.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00490

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Planktotrophic larvae can spend days to months in the plankton phase because of their need to feed during development (Thorson 1950, Pechenik 1990, Buzhinskaja 2006. This planktonic duration is inversely correlated with temperatures, leading to typically longer times spent in the plankton for Arctic larvae (O'Connor et al 2007, Ershova et al 2019 due to reduced metabolic rates compared to regions with warmer water temperatures (Gillooly et al 2002). For example, planktotrophic larval development time of 2 common crustaceans, the shrimp Pandalus borealis and the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, followed predicted exponential increases in larval duration with decreased temperature (O'Connor et al 2007).…”

Section: Trait Differences Between the Shelvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, planktotrophic larval development time of 2 common crustaceans, the shrimp Pandalus borealis and the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, followed predicted exponential increases in larval duration with decreased temperature (O'Connor et al 2007). Long larval development times, coupled with strong, large-scale advection driving a strong injection of larvae from the Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea shelf (Ershova et al 2019), allow Arctic taxa to efficiently colonize open space across large distances in the Chukchi Sea. In contrast, the Beaufort Sea shelf community, which does not possess a similar source of advected larvae, had high proportions of lecithotrophic and direct development.…”

Section: Trait Differences Between the Shelvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Sutton

Iken

Bluhm

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Alaskan Arctic shelf communities are currently experiencing dramatic changes that will likely affect ecosystem functioning of Arctic marine benthic communities. Here, functional diversity based on biological traits was used to assess differences and similarities in ecosystem functioning between 2 shelf systems that are geographically close but vary in many environmental influences: the Arctic Beaufort and Chukchi Sea epibenthic communities. We hypothesized that (1) patterns of functional composition and diversity metrics reflect patterns in taxonomic composition and diversity metrics in these 2 shelf communities; and (2) patterns in functional diversity metrics are distinct between the 2 shelves. We evaluated 9 biological traits (body form, body size, feeding habit, fragility, larval development, living habit, movement, reproductive strategy, sociability) for 327 taxa in 2014 and 2015. For each trait, multiple modalities (specific expressions within a trait) were considered. Patterns in functional diversity metrics on both shelves reflected those in taxonomic diversity metrics. However, shelf communities were more similar in functional- than in taxonomic composition. Beaufort Sea communities had higher functional dissimilarity and functional evenness driven by differences in the modalities within body form, body size, larval development, and reproductive strategy. These traits primarily affect nutrient cycling, energy turnover, and recovery from disturbances, suggesting a stronger potential for future maintenance of ecosystem function, and indicating a more even use of resources in the Beaufort Sea. The combination of functional and taxonomic diversity metrics enabled a comprehensive understanding of how ecological niche space is used and how epibenthic communities function in Alaskan Arctic shelf systems.

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Section: Trait Differences Between the Shelvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trait Differences Between the Shelvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Sutton

Iken

Bluhm

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Two species of ophiuroid brittlestars (A. filiformis and A. chiajei) were collected from two proximate sea lochs; Kilmaronag Shoal, Loch Etive (56°27 0 34.20 00 N, 5°20 0 29.28 00 W) and the Lynn of Lorne, Loch Linnhe (56°29 0 49.6 00 N, 5°29 0 56.2 00 W), Scotland, UK (electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Taxa with pelagic larvae, such as these species, have substantial distribution potential and are exchanged across landscape-scale distances and hydrographical barriers only in these early ontogenetic stages [23,38]. Given the proximate distance (approx.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Species Collection And Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions and environmental context affect intraspecific behavioural trait variation and ecosystem function

et al. 2020

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Functional trait-based approaches are increasingly adopted to understand and project ecological responses to environmental change; however, most assume trait expression is constant between conspecifics irrespective of context. Using two species of benthic invertebrate (brittlestars Amphiura filiformis and Amphiura chiajei ), we demonstrate that trait expression at individual and community levels differs with biotic and abiotic context. We use PERMANOVA to test the effect of species identity, density and local environmental history on individual (righting and burrowing) and community (particle reworking and burrow ventilation) trait expression, as well as associated effects on ecosystem functioning (sediment nutrient release). Trait expression differs with context, with repercussions for the faunal mediation of ecosystem processes; we find increased rates of righting and burial behaviour and greater particle reworking with increasing density that are reflected in nutrient generation. However, the magnitude of effects differed within and between species, arising from site-specific environmental and morphological differences. Our results indicate that traits and processes influencing change in ecosystem functioning are products of both prevailing and historic conditions that cannot be constrained within typologies. Trait-based study must incorporate context-dependent variation, including intraspecific differences from individual to ecosystem scales, to avoid jeopardizing projections of ecosystem functioning and service delivery.

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“…Little is known about larval development in the Arctic Ocean in general. Recent molecular studies, however, have documented the presence of pelagic larvae of more species than previously acknowledged for the Arctic (Ershova et al, 2019) and the deep sea (Kersten et al, 2019), and detailed studies in the deep sea have added species-specific observations (e.g., Mercier and Hamel, 2008;Martinez and Penchaszadeh, 2017;Montgomery et al, 2017). This trait is important for ecological functions such as dispersal, recolonization, recovery, tolerance to stress, and link between pelagic and benthic realms (Degen and Faulwetter, 2019).…”

Section: Discussion Trait Modalities Composition Across the Deep-sea Cblmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Pattern of Benthic Epifauna in the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Deep Sea

et al. 2021

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Assessment of Arctic deep-sea ecosystem functioning is currently an urgent task considering that ongoing sea-ice reduction opens opportunities for resource exploitation of yet understudied deep-sea regions. We used Biological Trait Analysis to evaluate ecosystem functioning and test if common paradigms for deep-sea fauna apply to benthic epifauna of the deep-sea Arctic Chukchi Borderland (CBL). We also investigated the influence of environmental factors on the functional structure of the epifauna. The analysis was performed for 106 taxa collected with a beam trawl and a Remotely Operated Vehicle from 486 to 2610 m depth. The most common trait modalities were small-medium size, mobile, benthic direct and lecithotrophic larval development, and predatory feeding, which mostly supports the current view of epifauna in the global deep sea. Functional composition of epifauna differed between two depth strata (486–1059 m and 1882–2610 m), with depth and sediment carbon content explaining most of the functional variability. Proportional abundances of the modalities free-living, swimming, suspension feeders, opportunists/scavengers, internal fertilization and globulose were higher at deep stations. Functional redundancy (FR) was also higher there compared to the mid-depth stations, suggesting adaptation of fauna to the more homogeneous deep environment by fewer and shared traits. Mid-depth stations represented higher functional variability in terms of both trait modality composition and functional diversity, indicating more variable resource use in the more heterogeneous habitat. Food input correlated positively with the proportional abundance of the modalities tube-dwelling, sessile and deposit feeding. Areas with drop stones were associated with higher proportional abundance of the modalities attached, upright, and predators. Comparatively low FR may render the heterogeneous mid-depth area of the CBL vulnerable to disturbance through the risk of loss of functions. Across the study area, high occurrence of taxa with low dispersal ability among adult and larval life stages may prevent rapid adaptation to changes, reduce ability to recolonize and escape perturbation.

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Diversity and Distribution of Meroplanktonic Larvae in the Pacific Arctic and Connectivity With Adult Benthic Invertebrate Communities

Cited by 46 publications

References 87 publications

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Species interactions and environmental context affect intraspecific behavioural trait variation and ecosystem function

Functional Pattern of Benthic Epifauna in the Chukchi Borderland, Arctic Deep Sea

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