Diversity and dynamics of bacteriophages in horse feces

Kulikov, Eugene E.; Isaeva, A. S.; Rotkina, A. S.; Маныкин, А. А.; Letarov, Andrey V.

doi:10.1134/s0026261707020166

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2). 126 These results agree well with the data of the metagenomic analyses on horse feces which have shown that even the most abundant phage type only constitutes between 5-10% of the total population.…”

Section: ©2 0 1 1 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S Tsupporting

confidence: 90%

Phages in nature

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: ©2 0 1 1 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S Tsupporting

confidence: 90%

Phages in nature

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The results of our recent study, which used horses as a model [15, 49], are in contradiction with the data in [46]. The celluloseolytic microbial community in the horse colon is highly complex and can include more than 500 species of bacteria, archaea, and also fungi and protozoa.…”

Section: Study Of Enterobacterial Indigenous Phagescontrasting

confidence: 83%

Ecological Basis for Rational Phage Therapy

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the mutual interactions of bacterial and phage populations in the environment of a human or animal body is essential in any attempt to influence these complex processes, particularly for rational phage therapy. Current knowledge on the impact of naturally occurring bacteriophages on the populations of their host bacteria, and their role in the homeostasis maintenance of a macro host, is still sketchy. The existing data suggest that different mechanisms stabilize phage–bacteria coexistence in different animal species or different body sites. The defining set of parameters governing phage infection includes specific physical, chemical, and biological conditions, such as pH, nutrient densities, host prevalence, relation to mucosa and other surfaces, the presence of phage inhibiting substances, etc. Phage therapy is also an ecological process that always implies three components that form a complex pattern of interactions: populations of the pathogen, the bacteriophages used as antibacterial agents, and the macroorganism. We present a review of contemporary data on natural bacteriophages occuring in human– and animal–body associated microbial communities, and analyze ecological and physiological considerations that determine the success of phage therapy in mammals.

show abstract

“…In our recent study (20), up to 69 morphological phage types were registered in a single specimen of horse feces. However, we repeatedly observed some particles that had identical dimensions and morphologies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Coliphages and Coliforms in Horse Feces Reveals a Complex Pattern of Ecological Interactions

Golomidova¹,

Kulikov²,

Isaeva³

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diversity of coliphages and indigenous coliform strains (ICSs) simultaneously present in horse feces was investigated by culture-based and molecular methods. The richness of coliforms (as estimated by the Chao1 method) is about 1,000 individual ICSs distinguishable by genomic fingerprinting present in a single sample of feces. This unexpectedly high value indicates that some factor limits the competition of coliform bacteria in the horse gut microbial system. In contrast, the diversity of phages active against any selected ICS is generally limited to one to three viral genotypes present in the sample. The sensitivities of different ICSs to simultaneously present coliphages overlap only slightly; the phages isolated from the same sample on different ICSs are usually unrelated. As a result, the titers of phages in fecal extract as determined for different Escherichia coli strains and ICSs may differ by several orders of magnitude. Summarizing all the data, we propose that coliphage infection may provide a selection pressure that maintains the high level of coliform diversity, restricting the possibility of a few best competitors outgrowing other ICSs. We also observed high-magnitude temporal variations of coliphage titers as determined using an E. coli C600 test culture in the same animal during a 16-day period of monitoring. No correlation with total coliform count was observed. These results are in good agreement with our hypothesis.Bacteriophages exert a significant influence on natural microbial communities (2, 24, 33). They are responsible for 20 to 80% of bacterial mortality in freshwater and marine ecosystems (25, 33) and increase bacterial biodiversity (references 14, 15, 31, and 33 and references therein) due to preferential attack on the dominant species or strains and redistribution of the organic matter. The role of bacteriophages could be even more important in microbial systems where high densities of active bacteria are achieved. Among these systems are intestinal microbial populations of animals and humans where bacteria (17, 28) and bacteriophages (5,6,9,10,13,16,17) are present at high densities. The gut is the natural habitat for Escherichia coli and for coliphages, which are highly suitable for work in culture, making this system attractive as a model for phage ecology.For our study, we selected the horse as the macro host. The cellulolytic microbial community localized in the horse large intestine is very complex and includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa (18). In contrast to rumen communities, the microbial biomass in the horse intestine is not subjected to digestion and is excreted with the feces. The conditions in the horse gut seem more stable than those in the intestines of many other species, as the time taken to digest grass is about 72 h (18), and the intervals between food intake and defecation are normally much shorter. A spatial complexity is present in the gut (9). The mucosal surface and the lumen contents are different ecological niches for bacteria. It has been show...

show abstract

Diversity and dynamics of bacteriophages in horse feces

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Phages in nature

Phages in nature

Ecological Basis for Rational Phage Therapy

The Diversity of Coliphages and Coliforms in Horse Feces Reveals a Complex Pattern of Ecological Interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About