Diversity and Dynamics of the Canadian Coastal Vibrio Community: an Emerging Trend Detected in the Temperate Regions

Abstract

species are indigenous to the marine and estuarine environments around the world and are the leading cause of water- and seafood-borne illnesses due to conditions favoring the transmission and growth of the species. Horizontal gene transfer, recombination, and mutation enable spp. to adapt rapidly to environmental challenges from biotic and abiotic parameters, including temperature, salinity, and nutrient status of the coastal waters. This surveillance study provides evidence of emerging in the temperate estuaries of Canada, thereby redefining the diversity and dynamics of its coastal population. The presence of the pathogenic context in was also detected with an increasing trend during the study period. Proliferation and abundance of the harmful biotypes of spp. in the estuaries of Canada indicate the possibility of producing contaminated seafood for human consumption. The findings of this surveillance study may lead to awareness which may help efforts to reduce the occurrence of illnesses or outbreaks caused by spp. in seafood.

Distribution of Pathogenic <italic>Vibrio</italic> Species in the Coastal Seawater of South Korea (2017–2018)

“…However, it remained endemic to many tropical regions [4]. In recent years, this species has been detected in temperate regions and in many developed countries worldwide [6–11]. Its extreme diversity has facilitated its prevalence in North America, and among the prominent halophilic Vibrio species, V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated disease globally [7, 9].…”

Adaptation to temperature stress by Vibrio fischeri facilitates this microbe's symbiosis with the Hawaiian bobtail squid ( Euprymna scolopes )

“…The Vibrionaceae also possess a notable capacity in being able to invade new harsh environments (Banerjee et al. ). Although the Vibrionaceae can freely adopt a planktonic lifestyle, they also are highly proficient at forming biofilms, which permits microbial dispersal via rafting (Theil and Gutow ; Soto and Nishiguchi ).…”

“…This taxonomic group is sensitive to temperature changes, has excellent starvation survival strategies, and can exploit sudden nutrient surges with short generation times (McDougald and Kjelleberg 2006;Baker-Austin et al 2017). The Vibrionaceae also possess a notable capacity in being able to invade new harsh environments (Banerjee et al 2018). Although the Vibrionaceae can freely adopt a planktonic lifestyle, they also are highly proficient at forming biofilms, which permits microbial dispersal via rafting (Theil and Gutow 2005;.…”

Adaptations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection

“…To survive in the environments and in the human host, Vp has several adaptive mechanisms for temperatures, salinity, oxidative stress, and bile salts. Conversion of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) from biofilm formation, quorum sensing regulators, and toxin-antitoxin systems are activated in response to various environmental conditions (Letchumanan et al, 2017;Banerjee et al, 2018). In addition, the intake of prophages and horizontal gene transfer into bacterial chromosomes enhance fitness of the pathogen to encounter several adverse changes in the host (Yang et al, 2020).…”