Diversity and Evolution of Entomocorticium (Russulales, Peniophoraceae), a Genus of Bark Beetle Mutualists Derived from Free-Living, Wood Rotting Peniophora

Araújo, João P. M.; Li, You; Six, Diana L.; Rajchenberg, Mario; Smith, Matthew E.; Johnson, Andrew J.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Crous, Pedro W.; Leal-Dutra, Caio Ambrosio; Skelton, James; Adams, Sawyer

doi:10.3390/jof7121043

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We identified eight compounds produced in vitro: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4), 4hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), 4-HPA methyl ester (6), tyrosol (7), and thymine (8). The compounds were structurally determined using HRMS (all compounds), NMR (all compounds except for 4, 7, 8), HPLC UV-VIS by co-elution with standard compounds (1-5, 7, 8), and X-ray analysis (7 and 8) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungusGeosmithia eupagioceri

Kolařík,

Stodůlková,

Kajzrová

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ambrosia fungi colonize freshly dead trees, sequester nutrients, and serve as nutritional source for ambrosia beetles in exchange for dispersal. A key aspect of this symbiosis is the ability of fungi to colonize and dominate the wood around the beetle tunnels, forming a monospecific nutritional mycelium in the beetle gallery. Hypotheses for these dynamics include active beetle management, fungal inoculation priority, and the fungus’s chemical ecology facilitating resource capture and competition. The ecological role of allelochemicals produced by ambrosia fungi is unknown, although they may suppress microbes while being harmless to beetles, which has potential medical or food technology applications. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of secondary metabolites from the ambrosia fungusGeosmithia eupagioceri(Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Eight extracellular compounds were identifiedin vitro: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), 4-HPA methyl ester, tyrosol, and thymine. Most compounds show cross-taxon activity, suppressing the growth of bacteria, fungi, a nematode, and a mite. We have shown that often overlooked chemically simple compounds may have activities leading to increased fitness of beetle hosts, including previously unconsidered activity against mites and nematodes. For the first time, we point out that these compounds also have the previously unconsidered potential to modulate the physiology of their producer (by inducing symbiotic morphology by quorum sensing mechanisms), the beetle host and associated microbes through synergism. Furthermore, we have shown that the ambrosia fungi have biotechnological potential in the search for growth suppressors of microorganisms and invertebrates, not toxic to humans.IMPORTANCEBark and ambrosia beetles and their microbial symbionts play crucial roles in forest ecosystems by aiding in the decomposition of dead trees, nutrient cycling, and habitat creation. However, they can cause extensive damage to both natural and planted forests by killing trees. Our study has led to a fundamental shift in the understanding of interactions between beetle symbiotic fungi and the environment, mediated by secondary metabolites. Newly, we show that these substances can not only be antimicrobial but also suppress the growth of mites, nematodes, but also can modulate the physiology of the producer fungus and potentially the host beetle and associated microbes. Our study, although conducted on a relatively artificial system with the need for validation on other lineages of ambrosia fungi, suggests entirely new research directions in the understanding of bark beetle holobiont and ambrosia beetles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These includes the recently discovered basidiomycete Irpex spp. (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) and Entomocorticium (Basidiomycota: Penioporales) (7), Fusarium (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (8) and Geosmithia (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungusGeosmithia eupagioceri

Kolařík,

Stodůlková,

Kajzrová

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Instead of feeding on the tree tissue like most bark beetles, the southern pine beetle progeny feeds and develops on a symbiotic fungus Entomocorticium (E. perryae in Florida and E. cobbii in Louisiana; Araújo et al 2021, Harrington et al 2021). This fungus is introduced into the phloem by the female and serves as the predominant source of nutrition for the larvae.…”

Section: Association With Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Gomez

Hulcr

Eickwort

2022

EDIS

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The southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, has been the most economically important forest insect in the pine timber industry in the southern United States. From 1960 through 1990, the bark beetle caused economic losses estimated at $900 million (Price et al. 1992). From 1998 to 2002, a four-year outbreak in the southern Appalachian Mountains affected more than 1 million acres with an economic loss of more than $1 billion (Clarke and Nowak 2009). In 2001,17,599 acres of pine forest were damaged by SPB in Florida alone, causing an estimated $38 million in damages. While the spectacular outbreaks have captured attention, equally interesting are the long periods of the beetle absence between outbreaks, and the factors that maintain its low populations. Recent observations suggest that in natural conditions the beetle is a rare insect, and rarely responds with an outbreak unless silvicultural practices create a suitable environment: overstocked, even-aged, large pine stands. Despite many decades of research on the beetle ecology, we lack a complete understanding of its population dynamics, and its original (preindustrial) ecology remains elusive (Asaro et al. 2017). Fortunately, silvicultural practices leading to resistant stands are now commonplace, and principally include thinning (either mechanical or by fire) and rapid detection and removal of infestations (Nowak et al. 2015).

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The genus Peniophora (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from Patagonia revisited

Rajchenberg,

de Errasti,

Gorjón

2024

Mycol Progress

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The identity of Peniophora specimens from Patagonia is examined based on morphological, cultural, and biological features as well as phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and 28S sequences. Three new species are described from Patagonia: Peniophora patagonica, P. pitrae, and P. revoluta. In total, five species are known in the area, growing on endemic trees in Southern Argentina. Peniophora cinerea and P. rufomarginata are excluded from the Patagonian records, and the presence of P. incarnata and P. lycii is confirmed by molecular methods. A key to Peniophora species from Patagonia is presented.

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Diversity and Evolution of Entomocorticium (Russulales, Peniophoraceae), a Genus of Bark Beetle Mutualists Derived from Free-Living, Wood Rotting Peniophora

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungusGeosmithia eupagioceri

Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungusGeosmithia eupagioceri

Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

The genus Peniophora (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from Patagonia revisited

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