Diversity and evolution of late Eocene to late Oligocene silicoflagellates from IODP Expedition 378 Holes U1553A and U1553B, southwest Pacific Ocean

McCartney, Kevin; Chakraborty, Arindam; Ghosh, Amit K.; Söding, Emanuel; Rout, Vishwadeep

doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102215

Marine Micropaleontology

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2023.102215

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Diversity and evolution of late Eocene to late Oligocene silicoflagellates from IODP Expedition 378 Holes U1553A and U1553B, southwest Pacific Ocean

Kevin McCartney

Arindam Chakraborty

Amit K. Ghosh³

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Biogeochemical Traits of a High Latitude South Pacific Ocean Calcareous Nannoplankton Community During the Oligocene

Sheward,

Herrle,

Fuchs

et al. 2024

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Marine phytoplankton community composition influences the production and export of biomass and inorganic minerals (such as calcite), contributing to core marine ecosystem processes that drive biogeochemical cycles and support marine life. Here we use morphological and assemblage data sets within a size‐trait model to investigate the mix of cellular biogeochemical traits (size, biomass, calcite) present in high latitude calcareous nannoplankton communities through the Oligocene (ca. 34–26 Ma) to better understand the biogeochemical consequences of past climate variability on this major calcifying phytoplankton group. Our record from IODP Site U1553 in the southwest Pacific reveals that nannoplankton communities were most size diverse during the earliest Oligocene, which we propose is linked to evidence for increased nutrient availability in the region across the Eocene‐Oligocene transition. In addition to driving changes in community size structure, early Oligocene extinctions of the largest Reticulofenestra species combined with an increasing dominance of heavily calcified, small‐medium‐sized cells through time also led to an overall increase in community inorganic to organic carbon ratios (PIC:POC) throughout the Oligocene. Crucially, genus‐level cellular PIC:POC diversity meant that abundance was not always the best indicator of which species were the major contributors to community biomass and calcite. As shifts in plankton size structure and calcareous nannoplankton PIC:POC have previously been highlighted as important in biological carbon pump dynamics, our results suggest that changes in community composition that are coupled to changes in community biogeochemical trait diversity have the potential to significantly alter the role of calcareous nannoplankton in marine biogeochemical processes.

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Biogeochemical Traits of a High Latitude South Pacific Ocean Calcareous Nannoplankton Community During the Oligocene

Sheward,

Herrle,

Fuchs

et al. 2024

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Silicoflagellates and other siliceous micro- and nannofossils from Rupelian diatomites, southeastern Poland

Kaczmarska,

Ehrman

2024

Plant and Fungal Syst.

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The Eocene-Oligocene Transition is one of the major stages of the Cenozoic reshaping of the world oceans with associated changes in climate, of ocean coastlines and circulation patterns. This altogether created challenging environments for fossilization and preservation of native biota. Consequently, well preserved Oligocene fossils are infrequent worldwide and just as rare in the Central Paratethys. The well-preserved Rupelian (Early Oligocene) diatomites from the Skole Nappe, the external unit of the Outer Carpathians in southeastern Poland were deposited in the Central Paratethys. In some samples, in addition to diatoms, sediments also contain a great diversity of other silicified micro- and nannofossils. Here we report our findings of silicoflagellates (fifteen taxa from five genera), two rotosphaeridians, and several morphotypes of fossil scales, some of uncertain taxonomic affinity. Among silicoflagellates, the most common are species from genera Corbisema (C. triacantha, C. hastata, and C. apiculata) and Dictyocha (D. clinata and D. fibula). We also recovered scales of rotosphaeridians (Pinaciophora and possibly Rabdiophrys) and remains of organisms of uncertain affinity (Clathropyxidella and Macrora) often reported together with silicoflagellates. All of these taxa are the first reports for the Central Paratethys. Silicoflagellate species composition is consistent with the datums derived from other fossils. Silicoflagellates, marine diatoms and archaeomonads suggest a neritic depositional environment.

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Diversity and evolution of late Eocene to late Oligocene silicoflagellates from IODP Expedition 378 Holes U1553A and U1553B, southwest Pacific Ocean

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Biogeochemical Traits of a High Latitude South Pacific Ocean Calcareous Nannoplankton Community During the Oligocene

Biogeochemical Traits of a High Latitude South Pacific Ocean Calcareous Nannoplankton Community During the Oligocene

Silicoflagellates and other siliceous micro- and nannofossils from Rupelian diatomites, southeastern Poland

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