Diversity and Genetics of Tassel Branch Numbers in Maize

Brewbaker, J. L.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.03.0248

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We also tested the effects of Oy1-N1989 and vey1 interaction on tassel phenotypes and other axillary meristem structures such as tiller numbers in isogenic materials. A previous study identified effects of a recessive partial loss-of-function allele at oy1 on tassel branch number (Brewbaker 2015). Our results agree with Brewbaker (2015) as Oy1-N1989 decreased tassel branch number dramatically in the presence of vey1 Mo17 allele and the effect was suppressed by vey1 B73 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A previous study identified effects of a recessive partial loss-of-function allele at oy1 on tassel branch number (Brewbaker 2015). Our results agree with Brewbaker (2015) as Oy1-N1989 decreased tassel branch number dramatically in the presence of vey1 Mo17 allele and the effect was suppressed by vey1 B73 . Remarkably in hightillering sweet corn, Tillering1 (Tlr1), teosinte branched1 (tb1) and grassy tillers1 (gt1) mutants, Oy1-N1989 reduced the number of tillers at maturity and an epistatic effect of Oy1-N1989 on tb1…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Variation in maize chlorophyll biosynthesis alters plant architecture

Khangura

Johal

Dilkes

2020

Preprint

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Chlorophyll is a tetrapyrrole metabolite essential for photosynthesis in plants. The oil yellow1 (oy1) gene of maize encodes subunit I of Magnesium chelatase, the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. A range of chlorophyll contents and net CO2 assimilation rates can be achieved in maize by combining a semi-dominant mutant allele, Oy1-N1989, and cis-regulatory alleles encoded by the Mo17 inbred called very oil yellow1 (vey1). We previously demonstrated that these allelic interactions can delay reproductive maturity. In this study, we demonstrate that multiple gross morphological traits respond to a reduction in chlorophyll. We found that stalk width, number of lateral branches (tillers), and branching of the inflorescence decline with a decrease in chlorophyll level. Chlorophyll variation suppressed tillering in multiple maize mutants including teosinte branched1, grassy tiller1, and Tillering1 as well as the tiller number1 QTL responsible for tillering in many sweet corn varieties. In contrast to these traits, plant height showed a non-linear response to chlorophyll levels. Weak suppression of Oy1-N1989 by vey1 B73 resulted in a significant increase in mutant plant height. This was true in multiple mapping populations, isogenic inbreds, and hybrid backgrounds. Enhancement of the Oy1-N1989 mutants by the vey1 Mo17 allele reduced chlorophyll contents and plant height in mapping populations and isogenic inbred background. We demonstrate that the effects of reduced chlorophyll content on plant growth and development are complex and that the genetic relationship depends on the trait. We propose that growth control for branching and architecture are downstream of energy balance sensing.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Variation in maize chlorophyll biosynthesis alters plant architecture

Khangura

Johal

Dilkes

2020

Preprint

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“…We focused on traits that are related to altitude adaptation in both maize and teosinte (Lauter et al . ; Brewbaker ; Takuno et al . ) as well as on fitness‐related traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to provide an adaptive interpretation of our candidate regions, we compiled over 90 studies including association and QTL mapping studies in teosintes and/or maize, as well as functional validation studies. We focused on traits that are related to altitude adaptation in both maize and teosinte Brewbaker 2015;Takuno et al 2015) as well as on fitness-related traits. We found a total of 33 candidate regions among 47 falling within previously characterized QTL regions (Table 3).…”

Section: Gene In Common Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of local adaptation in lowland and highland teosintes from whole‐genome sequencing of pooled samples

et al. 2017

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Spatially varying selection triggers differential adaptation of local populations. Here, we mined the determinants of local adaptation at the genomewide scale in the two closest maize wild relatives, the teosintes Zea mays ssp parviglumis and ssp. mexicana. We sequenced 120 individuals from six populations: two lowland, two intermediate and two highland populations sampled along two altitudinal gradients. We detected 8 479 581 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covered in the six populations with an average sequencing depth per site per population ranging from 17.0× to 32.2×. Population diversity varied from 0.10 to 0.15, and linkage disequilibrium decayed very rapidly. We combined two differentiation-based methods, and correlation of allele frequencies with environmental variables to detect outlier SNPs. Outlier SNPs displayed significant clustering. From clusters, we identified 47 candidate regions. We further modified a haplotype-based method to incorporate genotype uncertainties in haplotype calling, and applied it to candidate regions. We retrieved evidence for selection at the haplotype level in 53% of our candidate regions, and in 70% of the cases the same haplotype was selected in the two lowland or the two highland populations. We recovered a candidate region located within a previously characterized inversion on chromosome 1. We found evidence of a soft sweep at a locus involved in leaf macrohair variation. Finally, our results revealed frequent colocalization between our candidate regions and loci involved in the variation of traits associated with plant-soil interactions such as root morphology, aluminium and low phosphorus tolerance. Soil therefore appears to be a major driver of local adaptation in teosintes.

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“…Maize landraces (open-pollinated traditional varieties) from both populations share a number of phenotypes not found in lowland populations, including dense macrohairs and stem pigmentation (Wellhausen et al 1957;Wilkes 1977), differences in tassel branch and ear husk number (Brewbaker 2015), and a changed biochemical response to UV radiation (Casati and Walbot 2005). In spite of these shared phenotypes, genetic analyses of maize landraces from across the Americas indicate that the two highland populations are independently derived from their respective lowland populations (Vigouroux et al 2008;van Heerwaarden et al 2011), suggesting that observed patterns of phenotypic similarity are not simply due to recent shared ancestry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

et al. 2015

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Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits in different species or lineages of the same species; this often is a result of adaptation to similar environments, a process referred to as convergent adaptation. We investigate here the molecular basis of convergent adaptation in maize to highland climates in Mesoamerica and South America, using genome-wide SNP data. Taking advantage of archaeological data on the arrival of maize to the highlands, we infer demographic models for both populations, identifying evidence of a strong bottleneck and rapid expansion in South America. We use these models to then identify loci showing an excess of differentiation as a means of identifying putative targets of natural selection and compare our results to expectations from recently developed theory on convergent adaptation. Consistent with predictions across a wide parameter space, we see limited evidence for convergent evolution at the nucleotide level in spite of strong similarities in overall phenotypes. Instead, we show that selection appears to have predominantly acted on standing genetic variation and that introgression from wild teosinte populations appears to have played a role in highland adaptation in Mexican maize.KEYWORDS convergent evolution; highland adaptation; maize; population genomics C ONVERGENT evolution occurs when multiple species or populations exhibit similar phenotypic adaptations to comparable environmental challenges (Wood et al. 2005;Arendt and Reznick 2008;Elmer and Meyer 2011). Evolutionary genetic analysis of a wide range of species has provided evidence for multiple pathways that lead to convergent evolution. One such route occurs when identical mutations arise independently and fix via natural selection in multiple populations. In humans, for example, malaria resistance due to mutations from Glu to Val at the sixth codon of the b-globin gene has arisen independently on multiple unique haplotypes (Currat et al. 2002;Kwiatkowski 2005). Convergent evolution can also be achieved when different mutations arise within the same locus yet produce similar phenotypic effects. Grain fragrance in rice appears to have evolved along these lines, as populations across East Asia have similar fragrances resulting from at least eight distinct loss-of-function alleles in the BADH2 gene (Kovach et al. 2009). Finally, convergent evolution may arise from natural selection acting on standing genetic variation in an ancestral population. In the three-spined stickleback, natural selection has repeatedly acted to reduce armor plating in independent colonizations of freshwater environments. Adaptation in these populations occurred both from new mutations and from standing variation at the Eda locus in marine populations (Colosimo et al. 2005).Not all convergent phenotypic evolution is the result of convergent evolution at the molecular level, however. Recent studies of adaptation to high elevation in humans, for example, reveal that the genes involved in highland adaptation are largely dist...

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Diversity and Genetics of Tassel Branch Numbers in Maize

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Variation in maize chlorophyll biosynthesis alters plant architecture

Variation in maize chlorophyll biosynthesis alters plant architecture

Signatures of local adaptation in lowland and highland teosintes from whole‐genome sequencing of pooled samples

Independent Molecular Basis of Convergent Highland Adaptation in Maize

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