Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of Human Blood Anelloviruses

Kaczorowska, Joanna; Deijs, Martin; Klein, Michelle; Bakker, Margreet; Jebbink, Maarten F.; Sparreboom, Mila; Kinsella, Cormac M.; Timmerman, Anne L; Hoek, Lia van der

doi:10.1128/jvi.00109-22

Cited by 26 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Since the discovery of the original torque teno virus in 1997 5 , three genera of the Anelloviridae family, each extremely diverse genetically, have been found in humans. These viruses elicit weak immune responses that permit multiple strains to co-exist and persist for years in a typical individual 6 . However, because they do not cause disease 7 and due to the lack of an in vitro culture system, anelloviruses remain poorly understood 8,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Anellovirus Structure Reveals a Mechanism for Immune Evasion

Swanson¹,

Liou²,

Delagrave³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The significant impact of the human virome on human physiology is beginning to emerge thanks to modern sequencing methods and bioinformatic tools. Anelloviruses, the principal constituent of the commensal human virome, are universally acquired in infancy and found throughout the body. Since the discovery of the original torque teno virus in 1997, three genera of the Anelloviridae family, each extremely diverse genetically, have been found in humans. These viruses elicit weak immune responses that permit multiple strains to co-exist and persist for years in a typical individual. However, because they do not cause disease and due to the lack of an in vitro culture system, anelloviruses remain poorly understood. Basic features of the virus, such as the identity of its structural protein, have been unclear until now. Here, we describe the first structure of an anellovirus particle, which includes a jelly roll domain that forms a 60-mer icosahedral particle core from which spike domains extend to form a salient part of the particle surface. The spike domains come together around the 5-fold symmetry axes to form crown-like features. Relatively conserved patches of amino acids are near the base of the spike domain while a hypervariable region is at the apex. We propose that this structure renders the particle less susceptible to antibody neutralization by hiding vulnerable conserved epitopes while exposing highly diverse epitopes as immunological decoys, thereby contributing to the immune evasion properties of anelloviruses. This would contrast with viruses such as beak and feather disease virus, canine parvovirus or adeno-associated virus which lack such pronounced surface features. These results shed light on the structure of anelloviruses and provide a framework to understand their interactions with the immune system.

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confidence: 99%

Anellovirus Structure Reveals a Mechanism for Immune Evasion

Swanson¹,

Liou²,

Delagrave³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…None of the 13 sequences dominated their respective libraries, with 3,869 RPM the maximum normalized read count, in line with low load prior to RCA. Previous work in our laboratory on the circular anelloviruses has shown RCA can amplify genomes to a level allowing complete assembly, even from loads below PCR and qPCR limits of detection ( 28 ). Together, the result strongly implies caution is needed in interpreting the biological source of amplified viruses, as incorrect host predictions could easily occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Clinical Isolates of Pathogenic Fungi Are Host to Diverse Mycoviruses

et al. 2022

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“…Besides the many research papers on HCoV-NL63 and the other endemic human coronaviruses, Lia continued with virus discovery and her group found several other previously unknown human and animal viruses which she could link to unexplained diseases [ 31 , 32 ]. The latest item under investigation by Lia is the “anellome”, the total of ubiquitously found chronically present anelloviruses in humans of which it is still unknown whether they are involved in health or disease [ 33 ].…”

Section: Women In the Evbcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in the European Virus Bioinformatics Center

Hufsky

Abecasis

Patrícia

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Viruses are the cause of a considerable burden to human, animal and plant health, while on the other hand playing an important role in regulating entire ecosystems. The power of new sequencing technologies combined with new tools for processing “Big Data” offers unprecedented opportunities to answer fundamental questions in virology. Virologists have an urgent need for virus-specific bioinformatics tools. These developments have led to the formation of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center, a network of experts in virology and bioinformatics who are joining forces to enable extensive exchange and collaboration between these research areas. The EVBC strives to provide talented researchers with a supportive environment free of gender bias, but the gender gap in science, especially in math-intensive fields such as computer science, persists. To bring more talented women into research and keep them there, we need to highlight role models to spark their interest, and we need to ensure that female scientists are not kept at lower levels but are given the opportunity to lead the field. Here we showcase the work of the EVBC and highlight the achievements of some outstanding women experts in virology and viral bioinformatics.

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Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of Human Blood Anelloviruses

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Anellovirus Structure Reveals a Mechanism for Immune Evasion

Anellovirus Structure Reveals a Mechanism for Immune Evasion

Human Clinical Isolates of Pathogenic Fungi Are Host to Diverse Mycoviruses

Women in the European Virus Bioinformatics Center

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