Diversity and metabolomic characterization of Penicillium expansum isolated from apples grown in Argentina and Spain

Maldonado, María Luisa; Patriarca, Andrea; Cargo, Patricia Mc; Iannone, Leopoldo Javier; Sanchís, V.; Nielsen, Kristian Fog; Pinto, Virginia Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2022.06.002

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Whilst other microbiomes are harder to reproduce in the laboratory, this is less a problem for apples, and it should be feasible to isolate and cultivate all species naturally present. P. expansum has been reliably reported to produce a large portfolio of secondary (specialized) metabolites: andrastin A-C, aurantioclavine, chaetoglobosins, citrinin (and related compounds such as 7-methyl-citrinin H1), communesin A-F, expansolide A-D, 5-farnesylisochromene, fumarylalanine, patulin, penexpandine, penostatins, piperafizin, roquefortine C, and N-formylroquefortine C, (11,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) as well as the antibacterial specialized protein notatin, (31) and the necrosis-inducing protein NIP. (32) Monilinia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Microbial Diversity and Associated Secondary Metabolism on Black Apples

Cowled,

Phippen,

Kromphardt

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Black apples are the late-stage microbial decomposition of apples after having fallen to the ground. This phenomenon is highly comparable from year to year, with the filamentous fungusMonilinia fructigenamost commonly being the first invader, followed byPenicillium expansum. Motivated by the fact that only little chemistry has been reported from apple microbiomes, we set out to investigate the chemical diversity and potential ecological roles of secondary metabolites (SMs) in a total of 38 black apples. Metabolomics analyses were conducted on either whole apples or small excisions of fungal biomass derived from black apples. Annotation of fungal SMs in black apple extracts was aided by cultivation of 15 recently isolated fungal strains on 9 different substrates in an OSMAC approach, leading to identification of 3319 unique chemical features. Only 6.8% were attributable to known compounds based on analysis of HPLC-HRMS/MS data using spectral library matching tools. Of the 1606 features detected in the black apple extracts, 32% could be assigned as fungal-derived, due to their presence in the OSMAC-based training dataset. Notably, the detection of several antifungal compounds clearly indicates the importance of such compounds for invasion of and control of other microbial competitors on apples. In conclusion, the diversity and abundance of microbial SMs on black apples was found to be much higher than that typically observed for other environmental microbiomes. Detection of SMs known to be produced by the six fungal species tested also highlights a succession of fungal growth following the initial invaderM. fructigena.ImportanceMicrobial secondary metabolites constitute a significant reservoir of biologically potent and clinically valuable chemical scaffolds. However, their usefulness is hampered by rapidly developing resistance, resulting in reduced profitability of such research endeavours. Hence, it is vital that the ecological role of such microbial secondary metabolites be considered to understand how best to utilise such compounds as chemotherapeutics. Here, we explore an under-investigated environmental microbiome in the case of black apples; a veritable “low-hanging fruit”, with relatively high abundances and diversity of microbially produced secondary metabolites. Using both a targeted and untargeted metabolomics approach, the interplay between metabolites, other microbes and the apple host itself was investigated. This study highlights the surprisingly low incidence of known secondary metabolites in such a system, highlighting the need to study the functionality of secondary metabolites in microbial interactions and complex microbiomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Microbial Diversity and Associated Secondary Metabolism on Black Apples

Cowled,

Phippen,

Kromphardt

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…P. expansum strains have been isolated from many regions and multiple hosts. Meanwhile, hazards induced by P. expansum have been taken more seriously [3,4]. The application of synthetic fungicides, such as imazalil, fludioxonil, thiabendazole, benomyl, and pyrimethanil, is the primary way to control P. expansum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification and Comparative Analysis of Non-Coding RNAs in Spores and Mycelia of Penicillium expansum

Lai,

Yu,

Pan

et al. 2023

JoF

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Penicillium expansum is the most popular post-harvest pathogen and causes blue mold disease in pome fruit and leads to significant economic losses worldwide every year. However, the fundamental regulation mechanisms of growth in P. expansum are unclear. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted more attention due to critical roles in normalizing gene expression and maintaining cellular genotypes in organisms. However, the research related to ncRNAs in P. expansum have not been reported. Therefore, to provide an overview of ncRNAs on composition, distribution, expression changes, and potential targets in the growth process, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on spores and mycelia of P. expansum in the present study. A total of 2595 novel mRNAs, 3362 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 10 novel microRNAs (miRNAs), 86 novel small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and 11,238 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were predicted and quantified. Of these, 1482 novel mRNAs, 5987 known mRNAs, 2047 lncRNAs, 40 miRNAs, 38 novel siRNAs, and 9235 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in response to the different development stages. Afterward, the involved functions and pathways of DE RNAs were revealed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database enrichment analysis. The interaction networks between mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were also predicted based on their correlation coefficient of expression profiles. Among them, it was found that miR168 family members may play important roles in fungal growth due to their central location in the network. These findings will contribute to a better understanding on regulation machinery at the RNA level on fungal growth and provide a theoretical basis to develop novel control strategies against P. expansum.

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Secondary metabolites isolated from Penicillium expansum and their chemotaxonomic value

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2023

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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Diversity and metabolomic characterization of Penicillium expansum isolated from apples grown in Argentina and Spain

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Unveiling the Microbial Diversity and Associated Secondary Metabolism on Black Apples

Unveiling the Microbial Diversity and Associated Secondary Metabolism on Black Apples

The Identification and Comparative Analysis of Non-Coding RNAs in Spores and Mycelia of Penicillium expansum

Secondary metabolites isolated from Penicillium expansum and their chemotaxonomic value

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