Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>between farms in a dairy catchment

Irshad, Hamid; Ross, Colleen; Jaros, Patricia; Prattley, D. J.; Donnison, A.; McBride, Graham B.; Marshall, Jonathan; French, Nigel P.

doi:10.1017/s0950268815002782

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…O145 was detected in 3% of FDE and 9% of calf faeces by culture-based methods, whereas no isolates from the O111 or O157 serogroups were obtained. The molecular prevalences in our study are in general greater than those reported in New Zealand (Irshad et al 2016;Jaros et al 2016). It is possible that the greater prevalences observed in our study resulted from analysing faecal material that was naturally shed by several animals, which may have attenuated the animal effect.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

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Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in pasture-based dairy herds

Ross

Rapp

Cave

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) are food‐borne pathogens. While E. coli O157:H7 is commonly associated with cattle, less is known about the prevalence of non‐O157 STEC serogroups in bovines. This study evaluated the prevalence and virulence status of O157:H7 and six E. coli O‐serogroups (O26, O103, O45, O145, O121, O111) in New Zealand dairy farms using molecular as well as culture‐based methods. Fresh farm dairy effluent (FDE) (n = 36) and composite calf faeces (n = 12) were collected over three samplings from 12 dairy farms. All seven target serogroups were detected through molecular techniques. Of the 202 isolates which were serologically confirmed following traditional culturing and immunomagnetic separation (IMS), O103, O26, O45 and O121 were the most common serogroups, being found in 81, 47, 42 and 32% of the FDE and in 17, 33, 25 and 9% of the calf faeces respectively. The majority (157/202) of the isolates were negative for stx and eae virulence genes. The prevalence of the seven target STEC was low, and only nine O26 isolates (4%) were recovered from four of the farms. The study has highlighted the need for improving the isolation of Top 7 STEC from the stx‐negative populations present in fresh dairy effluent and calf faeces. Significance and Impact of the Study Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important food‐borne pathogens that can cause severe illness in humans. Cattle are asymptomatic reservoirs for STEC, and transmission to humans can be by consumption of food products or water contaminated with cattle faeces. Our study investigated the prevalence of O157:H7 and six E. coli serogroups of STEC (O26, O103, O45, O145, O121, O111) over time in the dairy reservoir and increases the knowledge and understanding of these pathogens on pasture‐based farms. Such information is required to develop risk‐assessment models aiming at limiting transmission of these STEC to human.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…The molecular prevalences in our study are in general greater than those reported in New Zealand (Irshad et al . ; Jaros et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in pasture-based dairy herds

Ross

Rapp

Cave

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Isolates from this study were obtained from RAMS re-enrichments (buffered peptone water, 37°C, 24 h) whereafter thawing at room temperature for 5 min, 100 µl of each sample was re-enriched in 10 ml of buffered peptone water at 37°C for 6 h. Template DNA for PCR was prepared from a 1 ml aliquot of re-enriched broth using 2% Chelex (Bio-Rad, Auckland, New Zealand) solution as described previously [19]. Real-time PCR (RT–PCR) was performed to detect the presence of serogroup-specific loci wzx (O26) [20], wzx (O103) [21], wbdI (O111) [20] and wzx1 (O145) genes [22] using previously described methods [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enrichments that provided O26, O103, O111 or O145 RT–PCR-positive samples were subjected to immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) using serotype-specific beads in an attempt to isolate each respective serogroup [23]. The IMS bead suspension (100 µl) was inoculated onto rhamnose MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime (50 µg/ml) and potassium tellurite (2·5 mg/ml) (CT-RMAC) (Fort Richard, Auckland, New Zealand) for isolation of O26 and sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) (Fort Richard, Auckland, New Zealand) for isolation of O103, O111 and O145.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology ofEscherichia coliserogroups O26, O103, O111 and O145 in very young (‘bobby’) calves in the North Island, New Zealand

et al. 2017

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The prevalence and spatial distribution of Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O103, O111 and O145 in calves 70% similarity) using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Mapping of the farms showed the presence of farms positive for O26, O103 and O145 in three important dairy producing regions of the North Island. Calves positive for O103 were more likely to be positive for O26 and vice versa (P = 0·04). Similarly, calves positive for O145 were more likely to be positive for O103 and vice versa (P = 0·03). This study demonstrates that non-O157 E. coli serogroups of public health and economic importance containing clinically relevant virulence factors are present in calves in the North Island of New Zealand.

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“…Research is limited on the prevalence and distribution of AMR and zoonotic bacteria in New Zealand waterways because growing, isolating, and identifying all potential target organisms from the potential millions contained in a single sample is time consuming and costly. In part, this is because identification through culturing is complicated by diverse metabolic requirements and identifying individual organisms present in a sample would require multiple culture methods ( Jaros et al, 2013 ; Irshad et al, 2016 ). In studies of ESBLs and STEC strains from ruminant faeces and environmental samples the microbial communities are generally enriched prior to DNA-based testing ( Muirhead et al, 2004 ; Gluckman, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and pathogen virulence in three New Zealand rivers

Davis

Midwinter

Cosgrove³

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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The emergence of clinically significant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is frequently attributed to the use of antimicrobials in humans and livestock and is often found concurrently with human and animal pathogens. However, the incidence and natural drivers of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic virulence in the environment, including waterways and ground water, are poorly understood. Freshwater monitoring for microbial pollution relies on culturing bacterial species indicative of faecal pollution, but detection of genes linked to antimicrobial resistance and/or those linked to virulence is a potentially superior alternative. We collected water and sediment samples in the autumn and spring from three rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand; sites were above and below reaches draining intensive dairy farming. Samples were tested for loci associated with the AMR-related group 1 CTX-M enzyme production (blaCTX-M) and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The blaCTX-M locus was only detected during spring and was more prevalent downstream of intensive dairy farms. Loci associated with STEC were detected in both the autumn and spring, again predominantly downstream of intensive dairying. This cross-sectional study suggests that targeted testing of environmental DNA is a useful tool for monitoring waterways. Further studies are now needed to extend our observations across seasons and to examine the relationship between the presence of these genetic elements and the incidence of disease in humans.

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Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliandCampylobacter jejunibetween farms in a dairy catchment

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in pasture-based dairy herds

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in pasture-based dairy herds

Epidemiology ofEscherichia coliserogroups O26, O103, O111 and O145 in very young (‘bobby’) calves in the North Island, New Zealand

Detecting genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and pathogen virulence in three New Zealand rivers

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