Diversity, Biology and Evolutionary Relationships

Stock, S. Patricia

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_1

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Thus, this animal taxon is an interesting group to study how trioecy evolves and is maintained. However, the majority of the trioecious nematode species are parasitic and thus quite challenging to study 26 27 28 29 30 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications

Chaudhuri

Bose

Tandonnet

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Nematodes have diverse reproductive strategies, which make them ideal subjects for comparative studies to address how mating systems evolve. Here we present the sex ratios and mating dynamics of the free-living nematode Rhabditis sp. SB347, in which males, females and hermaphrodites co-exist. The three sexes are produced by both selfing and outcrossing, and females tend to appear early in a mother’s progeny. Males prefer mating with females over hermaphrodites, which our results suggest is related to the female-specific production of the sex pheromones ascr#1 and ascr#9. We discuss the parallels between this system and that of parasitic nematodes that exhibit alternation between uniparental and biparental reproduction.

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confidence: 99%

Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications

Chaudhuri

Bose

Tandonnet

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…In nature, these nematodes are obligate lethal parasites of insects and the nematode/bacterium complex works together as a biological unit to kill insect hosts (Boemare et al, 1997;Fischer-Le Saux et al, 1999). In the infective juvenile, the bacterial cells are carried in a vesicle in the anterior part of the intestine for steinernematids and in the intestinal tract for heterorhabditids (Hazir et al, 2003;Stock, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-cinnamic acid and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii metabolites synergize the potency of some commercial fungicides

Hazır

Shapiro‐Ilan

Bock

et al. 2017

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Development of novel approaches for the control of fungal phytopathogens is desirable. In this study we hypothesized that the combination of commercial fungicides with certain enhancing agents could result in synergistic levels of control. Prior research has indicated that trans-cinnamic-acid (TCA), a metabolite of the bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens and metabolites of Xenorhabdus szentirmaii are particularly toxic to various phytpathogenic fungi when compared to metabolites of other Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus spp. In this study we explored the efficacy of commercial fungicide interactions when combined with either TCA or X. szentirmaii. Fungicides (active ingredient) included Abound® (Azoxystrobin), Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis), Elast® (dodine), Regalia® (extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis), Prophyt® (potassium phosphite) and PropiMax® (propiconazole). In laboratory experiments, singly-applied or combined agents were assessed for fungicidal activity against four plant-pathogenic fungi, Monilinia fructicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Fungicidal activity was measured by the phytopathogen's growth on potato dextrose agar with and without fungicide. The interactions between fungicidal agents were determined as antagonistic, additive or synergistic. For suppression of M. fructicola, synergy was observed between TCA when combined with certain concentrations of Elast®, PropiMax®, Regalia®, Prophyte® or Serenade®, and for combinations of X. szentirmaii with Abound®. For suppression of R. solani, synergy was observed between TCA combined with Regalia® or Serenade®. Additionally, when TCA was combined with X. szentirmaii synergistic levels of suppression to M. fructicola were observed. Other combinations of TCA or X. szentirmaii with the fungicides or using alternate concentrations were either additive or occasionally antagonistic in nature. Our results indicate that TCA and X. szentirmaii can each act as strong synergists to enhance fungicidal efficacy. These results may be used to reduce negative environmental impacts of pesticide use while improving control of plant diseases. Additional research is needed to explore the diversity of the synergistic effects and confirm our observations under field conditions.

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“…This is in agreement with the previous observation of host switches in the case of X. bovienii , a symbiont of S. affine and S. intermedium (Lee and Stock 2010b ). The ability to switch between nematodes from distantly related clades has also been reported for X. khoisanae or X. nematophila bacteria (Dreyer et al 2017 ; Stock 2015 ). However, a cophylogenetic study of 30 Steinernema / Xenorhabdus pairs revealed 17 apparent mismatches between two trees, indicating host-switching as well as 12 cospeciation events.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus in symbiotic association with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the genus Steinernema Travassos (Nematoda: Steinermatidae ) infect a wide range of soil-dwelling insects (Koppenhöfer and Gaugler 2009 ; Stock 2015 ). They have an unusual property of switching from a mutualistic to pathogenic lifestyle interacting with two different eukaryotic hosts and this triplicate (bacteria–nematode–insect) system can be easily established and investigated in the laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symbiotic Xenorhabdus – Steinernema association is specific, and each EPN species associates with only one Xenorhabdus species. However, most Xenorhabdus species display more flexibility in the nematode symbiont choice and may be associated with more than one Steinernema species (Stock 2015 ; Table S1, supplementary material). Previous studies have shown that X. bovienii bacteria can enter symbiosis with 14 EPN species, which makes such a broad host range a highly significant feature of this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steinernema poinari (Nematoda: Steinernematidae): a new symbiotic host of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii

et al. 2018

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Three strains of symbiotic bacteria were isolated from an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema poinari retrieved from soil in eastern Poland. Using 16S rDNA, recA, gltX, gyrB, and dnaN gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis, these strains were shown to belong to the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. The nucleotide identity between the studied S. poinari microsymbionts and other X. bovienii strains calculated for 16S rDNA and concatenated sequences of four protein-coding genes was 98.7–100% and 97.9–99.5%, respectively. The phenotypic properties of the isolates also supported their close phylogenetic relationship with X. bovienii. All three tested X. bovienii strains of different Steinernema clade origin supported the recovery of infective juveniles and subsequent development of the nematode population. However, the colonization degree of new infective juvenile generations was significantly affected by the bacterial host donor/recipient. The colonization degree of infective juveniles reared on bacterial symbionts deriving from a non-cognate clade of nematodes was extremely low, but proved the possible host-switching between non-related Steinernema species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00203-018-1544-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Diversity, Biology and Evolutionary Relationships

Cited by 54 publications

References 123 publications

Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications

Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications

Trans-cinnamic acid and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii metabolites synergize the potency of some commercial fungicides

Steinernema poinari (Nematoda: Steinernematidae): a new symbiotic host of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii

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