Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Scleractinian Coral in District-based Marine Protected Area Olele, Bone Bolango, Gorontalo - Indonesia

Abstract

Despite its status as District-Based Marine Protected Area, studies pertaining coral reef biodiversity never been conducted in Olele that located in the Gulf of Tomini, biodiversity hotspot in the Coral Triangle. Hence, we aims to investigate diversity, distribution and abundance of scleractinian coral, underpinning the health of reef ecosystems. This study was conducted using Line Intercept Transect on three research stations which were divided into three main zonations, reef flat (3 m depth), upper reef slope (10 m depth) and reef slope (18 m to 20 m depth). Fifty meters long transect were laid in each zonation, thus total transect were nine. The results showed that there were 35 species of scleractinian coral from 12 families. Each zonation has a different pattern of abundance and dominant life form. Based on coral health assessment using Coral Mortality Index (CMI) and the ratio between living and dead coral coverage, coral reef ecosystems in Olele were in healthy condition with the range value 0.29 ± 0.1 and 3.60 ± 1.14. This preliminary study should be used as a basic reference for database and novel direction of conservation management strategy in District-Based Marine Protected Area Olele.

Paleontology of Acropora Corals and Standard Facies Belt From Ujunggenteng Area, West Java

“…(3) Shelf marginbiocoenosis coral Shelf marginbiocoenosis coral standard facies belt is characterized by high diversity corals and fossilized in the biocoenosis condition. The biocoenosis Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palifera, Acropora humilis, and Acropora gemmifera (Figure 9) were observed in the Ujunggenteng area and indicated the reef slope environment (Reza and Sancayaningsih, 2017). The summary of the standard facies belt in the Ujunggenteng area can be seen in the Figure 10 and the comparison with previous standard by Wilson (1975) can be observed in the Table 1.…”

“…Merulinidae corals from the upper reef slope environment, Montipora sp. from reef flat environment, and Acropora cervicornis from reef slope environment (Reza and Sancayaningsih, 2017) indicated that this standard facies belt revealed the transported coral fossils from different environments. The bioclastic limestone exhibits the close contact and uniform orientation of coral fossils.…”

The Implementation of Integrated Coastal Management in the Development of Sustainability-Based Geotourism: A Case Study of Olele, Indonesia

“…In addition to the aforementioned, this study further proposes the development of camping and natural tourism zones situated in elevated regions, wherein pre-existing camping sites are already established. The present area serves as a supplementary component to the maritime tourist sector and has the potential to be further developed into a coastal tourism destination in Olele Village [43,44]. The plantation agricultural zone exhibits significant potential for development within the forested vicinity of the settlement.…”

“…The strategy was formulated by considering the outcomes of the ISM and the analysis of Regional Tourism Development (RIPPDA) for Bone Bolango Regency from 2011 to 2031. Additionally, the master plan for the Olele Marine Park area and expert opinions were taken into account during the strategy formulation process [43,44].…”

Vertical distribution and effect of the depth on growth form and genus of hard coral on coral reef in Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…An example is an adaptation of branching growth form, which is growing in directions of the currents and forms thick branches (Done, 1982;Kramer et al, 2020). Massive and encrusting growth forms have an ability to adapt to the extreme environment such as strong currents, high temperature, and also high sedimentation (Chappell, 1980;Reza and Sancayaningsih, 2017).…”