Diversity in Enteric Fever Diagnostic Protocols and Recommendation for Composite Reference Standard

Igiri, Bernard; Okoduwa, Stanley Irobekhian Reuben; Munirat, Shaibu Ahmed; Otu-Bassey, Iquo Bassey; Bashir, Abdullahi; Onyiyioza, Otori Mercy; Enang, Idongesit Asuquo; Okoduwa, Ugochi J.

doi:10.30699/ijmm.17.1.22

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Isolation of the causative agent by culture has remained the gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever [8]. However, it is well recognized that facilities for culture are not readily [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Low sensitivity for the Widal agglutination test can be related to the data collection time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women were the most represented in this study [58.33% (196/336)] (Table 2). Te age of the participants ranged from 1 to 60 years old with an average age of 25.20 ± 16.77 years, and the age groups represented were [1-10] years (58.03% (195/336)), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] (17.55% (59/336)), [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (9.82% (33/336)), [31-40] (8.33% (28/336)), [41-50] (3.86% (13/336)), and [51-60] (2.38% (8/336)). Concerning their level of educational attainment, 45.67% of the participants had a secondary level of study and 7.14% (24/336) were illiterate.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristics Of Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains a very common and good serological test with a moderate specificity, but its sensitivity in the diagnosis of typhoid fever is hard to interpret for several reasons: delayed time between infection and antibody production, cross-reactivities, and the long stay of target serum antibodies after treatment with lack of active disease [ 15 ]. Typhidot immunoassay is a rapid serological assay for the diagnosis of enteric fever and can be used as an alternative to Widal test due to its better sensitivity and specificity [ 16 ]. However, Typhidot is not suitable to replace blood culture [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Performances of Typhidot Immunoassay and Widal Slide Agglutination in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Febrile Patients in Bafoussam City, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Yemeli Piankeu,

Fodouop,

Noubom

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Enteric fever is a great public health problem associated with significant illness and death in many endemic countries, and its clinical diagnosis is still daunting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. Typhi among febrile patients in Bafoussam and to evaluate the diagnostic performances of Widal and Typhidot tests. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study among 336 participants visiting three hospitals in Bafoussam from August 1, 2021, to November 31, 2021. Widal test, Typhidot assay, and stool culture were used to screen for salmonellosis with the help of a structured questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi was found to be 62.85% and 37.14%, respectively. The overall prevalence of typhoid fever using stool culture was 20.86%. The significant risk factors associated with enteric fever were lack or insufficient knowledge of typhoid fever, poor hand hygiene, and anorexia. Typhidot immunoassay was more sensitive (100%) and specific (82.3%) than the Widal test. Both were analytically inferior to stool culture. Conclusions. High prevalence of typhoid fever (20.86%) was observed which was largely associated with lack or insufficient knowledge of typhoid fever, poor hygiene measure, and anorexia as risk factors. The performances of the Widal and Typhidot test against a stool culture were inferior but with Typhidot better than the Widal slide agglutination.

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