“…The HLA system is an extremely polymorphic genetic system in human[ 12 ]. Analysis of distinctive HLA genes represents a valuable tool for anthropological investigation, population study[ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], and in medical and clinical applications[ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In Taiwan, today, there are 16 groups of officially recognized indigenous peoples, including Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Hla’alua, Kanakanavu, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisiyat, Tao, Tsou, Taroko, Sakizaya, Seediq, and Thao[ 14 ].…”