Diversity in plant red pigments: anthocyanins and betacyanins

Sakuta, Masaaki

doi:10.1007/s11816-013-0294-z

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Although the mechanistic detail of betalain transport through the tonoplast remains unknown (Sakuta, 2013), the possibility that Na + sequestration might be coupled to betacyanin storage represents an exciting area for future research. There remains much to be learned about the functional significance of betalain pigments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Jain

Gould

2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Jain

Gould

2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

104

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“…The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway has been established in Arabidopsis thaliana . The pathway is catalysed stepwise by chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone‐3‐hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'‐hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonoid 3'5'‐hydroxylase (F3'5'H), dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS; Koes, Verweij, & Quattrocchio, ; Sakuta, ). Some of these anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes belong to polygenes such as PAL , CHS , CHI , and DFR (Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis constructs a new model for light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Ren

Gao

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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Light is a key environmental factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our previous study demonstrated that "Lanshan Hexian" is a light-sensitive eggplant cultivar, but its regulatory mechanism is unknown. Here, delphinidin-3-[4-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnosyl-glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside and delphinidin-3-[4-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnosyl-glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside were identified as the main anthocyanin components in Lanshan Hexian by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Three time points of anthocyanin accumulation, including the start point (0 day), fastest point (5 days), and highest point (12 day), were investigated by using ribonucleic acid sequencing and iTRAQ technology. The corresponding correlation coefficients of differentially expressed genes, and differentially expressed proteins were 0.6936, 0.2332, and 0.6672. Anthocyanin biosynthesis was a significantly enriched pathway, and CHI, F3H, 3GT, 5GT, and HY5 were regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, some transcription factors and photoreceptors may participate in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis like the known transcription factors MYB113 and TT8. The transient expression assay indicated that SmMYB35, SmMYB44, and a SmMYB86 isoform might involve in the light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Finally, a regulatory model for light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant was constructed. Our work provides a new direction for the study of the molecular mechanisms of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.

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“…It was concluded, therefore, that vacuolar anthocyanin can statically quench other fluorescent molecules in vivo, an effect previously demonstrated for anthocyanin in vitro.2 of 15 pH-dependant, which means that anthocyanin colour, and the colour of the plant, will depend upon vacuolar pH. Anthocyanin colour may also vary because anthocyanins can interact with themselves, stacking to form super-molecular structures, and can interact with other flavonoid pigments, stabilising the coloured forms at acidic pHs, and also interact with metal ions [1][2][3][4].Like many flavonoids, anthocyanins can be weakly autofluorescent with in vitro excitation and emission peaks in the UV [4,5]. However, in vivo excitation of anthocyanins in both Arabidopsis thaliana and onion (Allium cepa) results in red fluorescence, and has allowed for direct visualisations of vacuole structure and dynamics [6][7][8].The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, a complex series of reactions in which coumaroyl-CoA is sequentially modified to form various end-products, results in the formation of anthocyanins [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 of 15 pH-dependant, which means that anthocyanin colour, and the colour of the plant, will depend upon vacuolar pH. Anthocyanin colour may also vary because anthocyanins can interact with themselves, stacking to form super-molecular structures, and can interact with other flavonoid pigments, stabilising the coloured forms at acidic pHs, and also interact with metal ions [1][2][3][4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin in the Vacuole of Red Onion Epidermal Cells Quenches Other Fluorescent Molecules

Collings

2019

Plants

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Peels from the inner epidermis of onion bulbs are a model system in plant cell biology. While the inner epidermis of red onions is characteristically white, small patches of cells sometimes redden, containing vacuolar anthocyanin. This study investigated the spectroscopic properties of these anthocyanic cells. When fluorescent dyes were loaded into the vacuole of onion epidermal cells, the anthocyanic cells showed decreased dye fluorescence. This decrease was observed for fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein that are pumped into the vacuole by anion transporters, for acridine orange which acid loads into the vacuole, and for the fluorescent sugar analogue esculin loaded into the vacuole by sucrose transporters. Similar decreases in carboxyfluorescein fluorescence were observed when dye was loaded into the vacuoles of several other plant species, but decreases were not observed for dyes resident in the tonoplast membrane. As cellular physiology was unaffected in the anthocyanic cells, with cytoplasmic streaming, vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH not being altered, the decreased dye fluorescence from the anthocyanic cells can be attributed to fluorescence quenching. Furthermore, because quenching decreased with increasing temperature. It was concluded, therefore, that vacuolar anthocyanin can statically quench other fluorescent molecules in vivo, an effect previously demonstrated for anthocyanin in vitro.2 of 15 pH-dependant, which means that anthocyanin colour, and the colour of the plant, will depend upon vacuolar pH. Anthocyanin colour may also vary because anthocyanins can interact with themselves, stacking to form super-molecular structures, and can interact with other flavonoid pigments, stabilising the coloured forms at acidic pHs, and also interact with metal ions [1][2][3][4].Like many flavonoids, anthocyanins can be weakly autofluorescent with in vitro excitation and emission peaks in the UV [4,5]. However, in vivo excitation of anthocyanins in both Arabidopsis thaliana and onion (Allium cepa) results in red fluorescence, and has allowed for direct visualisations of vacuole structure and dynamics [6][7][8].The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, a complex series of reactions in which coumaroyl-CoA is sequentially modified to form various end-products, results in the formation of anthocyanins [9]. The enzymes controlling this pathway vary slightly between species resulting in the variability in the anthocyanidin core and attached sugars. Following their synthesis in the cytoplasm, the vacuolar transport of anthocyanins occurs through several pathways. These include ER-derived vesicles [6,10] and a tonoplast-bound glutathione S-transferase-like transporter that sequesters various glutathione conjugates and anthocyanins into the vacuole [11,12]. The mechanism(s) underlying this second process are unclear as anthocyanin-glutathione conjugates remain undiscovered [12]. The multi-drug resistance-like protein is another membrane-bound transporter known to transport anthocyanin into maize vacuoles [1].It is thought that anth...

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Diversity in plant red pigments: anthocyanins and betacyanins

Cited by 66 publications

References 140 publications

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis constructs a new model for light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Anthocyanin in the Vacuole of Red Onion Epidermal Cells Quenches Other Fluorescent Molecules

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