Diversity in the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Charlson, Emily S.; Tsai, Lester; Yonkers, Marc; Tao, Jeremiah

doi:10.1097/iop.0000000000001127

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Within the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS), there has been an increase in the percentage of female members from 3.8% in the first decade of the organization (1969–1978) to 45.2% in the fifth decade (2009–2018). 5 Charlson et al 4 also found that women ASOPRS members trended toward achieving full professor rank less often than their male counterparts, although this was not statistically significant. While the number of women ASOPRS members has been studied previously, there have been no studies examining authorship gender trends in oculoplastics journals.…”

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confidence: 94%

Gender Authorship Trends in the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Literature

Gervasio

Sklar

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose: Despite increasing numbers of women oculoplastic surgeons, they remain underrepresented within the subspecialty. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in gender authorship within the field of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. Methods: This retrospective observational study sampled articles published in Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (OPRS) and Orbit during the years 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015, and 2020. Data reviewed included article type, total number of authors, and the gender of each article’s first and senior author. Results: Nine hundred ninety-nine articles were analyzed, including 701 in OPRS and 298 in Orbit. Of 3,716 total authors, 1,151 (31%) were women, including 297 (29.7%) first authors, and 191 (21.5%) senior authors. Women authorship in OPRS in 1985 (first, 3.9%; senior, 3.3%; all, 3.2%) significantly increased by 2020 (first, 44.6%; senior, 27.9%; all, 42%). Women authorship in Orbit in 1985 (first, 0%; senior, 4.5%; all, 7.4%) also significantly increased by 2020 (first, 43.3%; senior, 34%; all, 42.9%). In a subanalysis of OPRS original investigations alone, women first authorship increased from 3.1% in 1985 to 35.8% in 2020 (p < 0.001) and women senior authorship increased from 4.3% in 1985 to 25% in 2020 (p = 0.001). In a subanalysis of Orbit original investigations alone, women first authorship increased from 0% in 1985 to 65.4% in 2020 (p < 0.001) and women senior authorship increased from 5.3% in 1985 to 42.3% in 2020 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Despite a significant increase in women authorship over the past several decades, women remain underrepresented within the oculoplastic literature, particularly in regard to senior authorship. When considering original investigations alone, there has been a significant increase in women first and senior authorship in both OPRS and Orbit.

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mentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender Authorship Trends in the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Literature

Gervasio

Sklar

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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“…Thus, it is encouraging that recent years have brought a heightened awareness of these issues. In some areas, disparities are even starting to diminish [10]. Just remember that progress and shortfall are not mutually exclusive.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%

Women in Ophthalmology

2021

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“…3 This trend percolates through the various ophthalmologic subspecialties as well, including retina and oculofacial plastic surgery, with only 4.2 and 9.4% of practicing specialists self-identifying as UiM, respectively. 5,6 This lack of representation can diminish access to adequate health care and drive health disparities. 7 Prior literature has shown that UiM physicians are more likely than their non-UiM counterparts to work in predominantly UiM communities, which are also more likely to experience physician shortages and the aforementioned disparities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The lack of representation in leadership roles and academic positions impacts patient care as prior research has noted gender to influence patient counseling services, communication styles, and patient satisfaction. 5 In 2020, transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) people accounted for about 0.8% of medical school matriculants. 15 Representation of TGNB people in surgery and surgical subspecialties is lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Barriers to Increasing Diversity within Oculofacial Plastic Surgery

Maru

Carvajal

Campomanes

et al. 2022

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

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Purpose Physician diversity is limited in ophthalmology and oculofacial plastic surgery. Determination of barriers within the application process for oculofacial plastic surgery may help target efforts to improve the recruitment of underrepresented groups. This study aimed to illuminate perceived barriers to increasing diversity in oculofacial plastic surgery trainees, according to the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) fellows and fellowship program directors (FPDs). Methods During the month of February 2021, we sent surveys out to 54 current oculofacial plastic surgery fellows and 56 FPDs at 56 oculofacial plastic surgery programs recognized by the ASOPRS nationwide using a 15-question Qualtrics survey. Results Sixty-three individuals (57%) responded to the survey: 34 fellows (63%) and 29 FPDs (52%). Eighty-eight percent of fellows and 68% of FPDs identified as non-underrepresented in medicine (UiM). Forty-four percent of fellows and 25% of FPDs identified as men. FPDs most commonly noted, “Not enough minorities applying to our program” and “The objective data (Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program score, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step scores, clinical honors, Alpha Omega Alpha status, letter of recommendation) for minority applicants often do not meet the threshold required to offer an interview or to be ranked to match” as barriers. Among fellows, the lowest-rated considerations when applying to oculofacial plastic surgery were “Racially/ethnically diverse faculty” and “Perceptions of minority candidates by fellowship programs,” whereas “Likelihood of matching in program of choice” was ranked highest in considerations. Fellows identifying as men indicated greater concern for “Financial factors related to fellowship (e.g., loans, salary, cost of living, or cost of interviewing)” compared to fellows identifying as women who noted greater concern for “Program or preceptor acceptance of starting or having a family during fellowship.” Conclusion Responses from FPDs suggest that efforts focused on recruiting and supporting diverse students to medicine and ophthalmology, mentoring applicants interested in oculofacial plastic surgery, and restructuring the application process to decrease bias, may improve diversity within the subspecialty. The lack of UiM representation in this study, 6% fellows and 7.4% FPDs identified as UiM, shows both the stark underrepresentation and the need for further research into this topic.

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Diversity in the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Abstract: Women and URMs have increased steadily in ASOPRS, especially in recent years. Similar to the rest of ophthalmology and general medicine, there remain opportunities for ASOPRS to increase diversity.

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Gender Authorship Trends in the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Literature

Gender Authorship Trends in the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Literature

Women in Ophthalmology

Perceived Barriers to Increasing Diversity within Oculofacial Plastic Surgery

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