Diversity in the degree of sulfation and chain length of the glycosaminoglycan moiety of urinary trypsin inhibitor isomers

Sulfation of the Bikunin Chondroitin Sulfate Chain Determines Heavy Chain·Hyaluronan Complex Formation

“…Approximately 30 isomers of urinary bikunin have been isolated with differences in the degree of CS chain sulfation and length (23,47). Separation of urinary bikunin in this study using anion exchange chromatography and subsequent analysis of the disaccharide composition of the CS chains supported the presence of isomers.…”

“…The CS chains of urinary bikunin and plasma I␣I have been found to contain 15 Ϯ 3 disaccharides of which ϳ5 disaccharides are 4-sulfated on GalNAc and clustered near the reducing end (23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The CS chain linkage region of bikunin in urine and plasma has been shown to contain a disulfated hexasaccharide (24,25) on its non-reducing end, whereas other groups have suggested that the non-reducing end is monosulfated on the GalNAc residue (9,28).…”

Enzymatic synthesis of hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitor

“…10 Here, we also observed 2~32 saccharides plus linkage hexasaccharide. These peaks were not detected for linkage-UTI (Fig.…”

“…[5][6][7] Clustered sulfated units (Ch4S disaccharides) are located at the reducing terminus of the GAG chain linked to the linkage region, while clustered non-sulfated units (chondroitin disaccharides, Ch) are located at the non-reducing terminus, and the number of both units can vary in UTI. [8][9][10] UTI has been used as an anti-inflammatory medicine for pancreatitis, threatened premature delivery, and other conditions based on the protease inhibitor activity of its core protein. 11 Structural changes in the chondroitin sulfate (ChS) chains of UTI have been observed in the urine of patients with inflammatory diseases.…”

On‐line separations combined with MS for analysis of glycosaminoglycans

“…This off-line LC/MS method was used in a series of studies on enzymatic reconstruction of CS/DS and hyaluronan oligosaccharides using the transglycosylase activity of testicular hyaluronidase (Takagaki et al, 1999, 2000a,b, 2002; Takagaki & Ishido, 2000). A similar method has been used to fractionate CS isomers of urinary trypsin inhibitor (Kakizaki et al, 2007). …”