Diversity in Two Wintering Bird Communities: Possible Weather Effects

Kricher, John

doi:10.2307/4084787

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…tits, woodpeckers, Goldcrest, and Eurasian Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris Linnaeus, 1758), feed mainly on insects on bark and foliage of coniferous trees and often form mixed-species flocks during winter in mature ecosystems such as forests (Kricher 1975;Scherzinger 2006). Windthrow areas, in contrast to mature forests, are similar to open landscape habitats and are characterized by higher snow depths, daily temperature fluctuations, and higher wind velocities during winter than closed forests (Chen et al 1995;Veatch et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter regulates population sizes of resident birds (Kricher 1975), and adult survival in winter determines the breeding success of the next breeding season (Verhulst and Nilsson 2008). In Central Europe, winter avian residents are mainly species that feed on insects on bark and foliage, and intact coniferous trees serve as foraging sites and shelter during harsh weather (Glutz von Blotzheim and Bauer 1966ff;Kricher 1975;Petit 1989;Scherzinger 2006). Therefore, natural regeneration of coniferous trees is important for winter residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another critical time for resident birds is winter, when temperatures often drop below freezing and food availability becomes unpredictable (Spencer 1982;Turcotte and Desrochers 2005). Winter regulates population sizes of resident birds (Kricher 1975), and adult survival in winter determines the breeding success of the next breeding season (Verhulst and Nilsson 2008). In Central Europe, winter avian residents are mainly species that feed on insects on bark and foliage, and intact coniferous trees serve as foraging sites and shelter during harsh weather (Glutz von Blotzheim and Bauer 1966ff;Kricher 1975;Petit 1989;Scherzinger 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural regeneration determines wintering bird presence in wind-damaged coniferous forest stands independent of postdisturbance logging

et al. 2015

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Natural disturbances in European production forests are undesired from an economic perspective but are important drivers of biodiversity. The removal of damaged timber to restore economic value is accompanied by negative effects on various species groups, particularly breeding bird communities, and can hinder natural regeneration. However, little is known about the effect of postdisturbance logging on bird assemblages in winter when temperatures are low and food resources are unpredictable. We conducted fixed-radius point counts of wintering birds in forest stands logged or unlogged after windthrows and in mature forest stands to test our predictions that bird species densities and abundances (i) are lower in postdisturbance logged stands and (ii) depend on the amount of natural regeneration, (iii) which differs between logged and unlogged stands. Our generalized linear mixed model did not support the expected differences in bird abundance or species densities between postdisturbance logged and unlogged stands but indicated that mature forest stands harbor the highest bird abundances and species densities. The number of regenerated coniferous trees significantly positively affected wintering bird abundances in both postdisturbance logged and unlogged stands. Hence, the number of coniferous trees appears to be a main predictor of wintering bird presence.Résumé : Les perturbations naturelles dans les forêts commerciales européennes ne sont pas souhaitables d'un point de vue économique, mais elles constituent d'importants rouages de la biodiversité. La récupération du bois endommagé pour restaurer la valeur économique a des effets négatifs sur plusieurs groupes d'espèces, en particulier sur les communautés d'oiseaux nicheurs, et elle peut nuire à la régénération naturelle. Toutefois, on connaît peu les effets que les coupes de récupération après une perturbation naturelle peuvent avoir sur les assemblages d'oiseaux en hiver, quand les températures sont basses et les ressources alimentaires imprévisibles. Nous avons effectué des dénombrements d'oiseaux d'hiver par points d'écoute à rayon fixe dans des peuplements forestiers récoltés et non récoltés après un chablis et dans des peuplements forestiers mûrs pour tester les prédictions que la densité des espèces et l'abondance des oiseaux (i) sont plus faibles dans les peuplements récoltés après une perturbation et (ii) dépendent de la quantité de régénération naturelle (iii) qui diffère entre les peuplements récoltés et non récoltés. Notre modèle linéaire mixte généralisé n'a pas confirmé les différences prédites dans l'abondance des oiseaux ou la densité des espèces entre les sites récoltés et non récoltés, mais il a indiqué que les peuplements forestiers mûrs ont la plus grande abondance et la plus forte densité d'espèces d'oiseaux. L'abondance de la régénération de conifères a eu un effet positif significatif sur l'abondance des oiseaux d'hiver dans les peuplements perturbés tant récoltés que non récoltés. Il semble donc que le nombre de tiges de conifères soit un im...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural regeneration determines wintering bird presence in wind-damaged coniferous forest stands independent of postdisturbance logging

et al. 2015

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“…Water availability commonly limits photosynthesis and plant growth in Mediterranean-climate habitats (e.g., Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki et al 1984, Tenhunen et al 1985, whereas autumn-winter temperatures are known to affect population sizes of small birds wintering in temperate regions (Shields and Grubb 1974, Kricher 1975, Graber and Graber 1979, Spencer 1982, Brittingham and Temple 1988. The maximum number of variables that could be simultaneously included in these analyses was limited by the number of data points (N ϭ 12 yr); thus, I often had to rely on univariate analyses and a relatively reduced number of weather variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamics of Mediterranean Frugivorous Birds and Fleshy Fruits: A 12-Year Study

Herrera¹

1998

Ecological Monographs

193

292

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The relationship between fleshy-fruited plants and their vertebrate seed dispersal agents often has been depicted as subject to important interannual variation, but no study has thus far documented such variation on a long-term basis. This paper presents the results of a 12-yr investigation on fleshy-fruited plants and avian frugivores in a Mediterranean montane locality of southeastern Spain. The main objective was to document patterns and correlates of long-term variation in the composition and abundance of fruits and birds, with particular reference to seed dispersers. During October-December (''autumn'' period) 1978, abundance of ripe fruits and birds was assessed in a 4-ha plot in dense, well-preserved sclerophyllous scrub, by means of counts in permanent plots and mist-netting, respectively. Diet composition and fruit preference patterns of Erithacus rubecula and Sylvia atricapilla, the two most abundant seed dispersers, were also investigated over the same period, using fecal sample analyses. Possible consequences to the birds of annual variation in fruit supply and diet composition were investigated using data on fat deposition levels and recapture rates of mist-netted individuals.Total fruit abundance (i.e., mean ripe fruit density of all species combined) fluctuated among years between 5.4 Ϯ 11.1 fruits/m 2 (mean Ϯ 1 SD; 1986) and 77.1 Ϯ 78.0 fruits/m 2 (1989) and was positively related to the amount of rainfall in the preceding spring. Not all fruiting species bore ripe fruits every year, and among those species that did, fruit density fluctuated asynchronously and to variable degrees. Seven out of 13 species exhibited significant supra-annual periodicity in fruit abundance, with fluctuation periods ranging from 2 to 6 yr. Variation in the abundance of each of the six most abundant fruit species was unrelated to annual variation in rainfall. The autumn bird assemblage at the study site was made up of year-round resident species (54.1% of captures, all years combined) that were largely fruit predators (feeding on pulp or seeds without performing dispersal) and of autumn-winter resident species (45.5% of captures) that were largely seed dispersers. Bird abundance, all species combined, ranged between 27.1 and 61.5 captures/100 net-hours for 1987 and 1986, respectively. Depending on year, seed dispersers made up 25.6-75.4% of the total captures, and fruit predators made up 20.9-69.7%. The relative importance of nonfrugivores was always negligible (1.1-9.9%). No correlation existed across years between total fruit abundance and the capture rates of all bird species combined, seed dispersers, or fruit predators. Annual variation in the abundance of seed dispersers was positively related to November mean maximum temperature. At the individual species level, S. atricapilla capture rates were correlated with the abundance of the fruits of Phillyrea latifolia, a species exhibiting extreme annual fluctuations.Annual variation in the importance of fruits in the diet of S. atricapilla and E. rubecula was not signi...

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“…Although Raveling et al (1972) studied how waterfowl behaviour varied in response to changing energy demands during cold temperate winters, there have been few studies relating that variation in response to food availability (Jorde et al 1984;Whyte and Bolen 1984). Several authors (e.g., Kricher 1975;Prince 1979) have argued that the energy demands on wintering ducks can be the most stressful of any they face annually. Thus, 'Current address: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in behavioural response of wintering black ducks to increased energy demands

Brodsky

1985

Can. J. Zool.

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BRODSKY, L. M., and P. J. WEATHERHEAD. 1985. Variability in behavioural response of wintering black ducks to increased energy demands. Can. J. Zool. 63: 1657 -1662. We observed black ducks (Anns rubripes) wintering at three sites differing substantially in food quality (energetic value) and quantity to determine what environmental factor(s) influenced changes in behaviour and whether those changes functioned to balance energy demands with supplies. All behaviours other than preening showed some variation in response to environmental factors, with temperature consistently explaining the greatest amount of that variation. However, the ducks' response to cold temperature was not consistent between sites. For example, at colder temperatures, ducks at one site increased foraging, at another site they decreased foraging, and at the third site foraging remained constant. Apparently, one can only predict the specific response of ducks to increased energetic demands, i.e., colder temperatures, by knowing the quality and quantity of food available in addition to the cost of foraging.BRODSKY, L. M., et P. J. WEATHERHEAD. 1985. Variability in behavioural response of wintering black ducks to increased energy demands. Can. J. Zool. 63: 1657 -1662. L'observation de canards noirs (Anus rubripes) dans trois sites de sejour d'hiver distincts par la qualit6 et la quantite de nourriture a offrir (valeur knergktique) a permis de determiner quels facteurs du milieu influencent le plus les changements de comportement et a permis kgalement de constater si ces changements fonctionnent de faqon ii equilibrer besions knergktiques et energie disponible. Tous les comportements, a l'exception du toilettage, varient en fonction des facteurs du milieu et c'est la temperature qui semble responsable de la plus grande partie de la variation. Cependant, la reaction des canards aux temperatures froides n'a pas etk la mime a tous les sites. Par exemple, aux temperatures les plus froides, les canards ont augment6 leur recherche de nourriture a un site, I'ont diminuke a un autre site. et n'ont pas modifik leur comportement au troisikme site. 11 semble donc possible de predire la reaction specifique des canards a ['augmentation de leurs besoins energetiques, i.e. temperatures plus froides, en connaissant non seulement le coOt knergetiquement de la recherche de nourriture, mais en connaissant aussi la qualite et la quantite de nourriture disponible.[Traduit par le journal]

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Diversity in Two Wintering Bird Communities: Possible Weather Effects

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Natural regeneration determines wintering bird presence in wind-damaged coniferous forest stands independent of postdisturbance logging

Natural regeneration determines wintering bird presence in wind-damaged coniferous forest stands independent of postdisturbance logging

Long-Term Dynamics of Mediterranean Frugivorous Birds and Fleshy Fruits: A 12-Year Study

Variability in behavioural response of wintering black ducks to increased energy demands

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