Diversity matters: opportunities in the study of the genetics of psychotic disorders in low- and middle-income countries in Latin America

Fonseca, Laís; Sena, Brena F.; Crossley, Nicolás; López‐Jaramillo, Carlos; Koenen, Karestan C.; Bressan, Rodrigo; Belangero, Síntia Iole; Santoro, Marcos; Gadelha, Ary

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1240

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…This is a highly worrisome finding, considering that life expectancy at birth in LMICs is 13 years less than that in HICs (70.10 vs. 83.70) [ 23 ]. Several reasons can explain these discrepancies, such as social, political, and economic inequalities, urban violence and high suicide rates [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with a median follow-up of 11 years after the first psychiatric hospital admission

Roza

Rezende

Barros

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose To estimate the mortality rates of a cohort of Brazilian patients after their first psychiatric admission and determine the possible risk factors associated with excess mortality. Methods The study included a cohort of psychiatric patients hospitalised from Jan 1, 2002 to Dec 31, 2007 in the catchment area of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil. Data were linked to deaths that occurred between Jan 1, 2002 and Dec 31, 2016 from the SEADE Foundation (state data analysis system of São Paulo). The mortality rate (MR), age-sex-standardised mortality ratio (SMR), life expectancy at birth, and years of life lost (YLL) were computed. The factors associated with mortality were analysed by survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Of 4019 patients admitted (54.76% male), 803 died (69.74% male) during the follow-up (median = 11.25 years). Mortality rates were approximately three-fold higher than expected (SMR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.71–3.11). The highest mortality rate was noted in men with alcohol-related disorders (SMR = 5.50, 95% CI 4.87–6.19). Male sex (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.92), higher age (aHR = 21.47, 95% CI 13.48–34.17), and unemployment (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.43) significantly increased the mortality risk from all causes. The average YLL was 27.64 years with the highest YLL noted in nonalcohol substance-related disorders (39.22 years). The life expectancy at birth in this cohort was 47.27 years. Unnatural causes of death were associated with nonwhite skin colour and substance-related disorders. Conclusion An excess of mortality and a significant reduction in life expectancy of mentally disordered patients who were first admitted to psychiatric beds was noted, particularly patients admitted for substance-related disorders, which should represent a priority in mental health policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with a median follow-up of 11 years after the first psychiatric hospital admission

Roza

Rezende

Barros

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…É o maior estudo já realizado, visando aumentar a diversidade genética em estudos de transtornos mentais e tem como foco incluir populações de países que compõem os continentes africano e sul-americano (2)(3) .…”

Section: Amorim (Cejam)unclassified

Projeto PUMAS e a Genética das Doenças Psiquiátricas

Alberto¹,

Gadelha²

2023

Rev Tec Cient CEJAM

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“…Future research should also improve the diversity of ancestry in the samples analyzed. Although some recent work is investigating the genetic architecture of schizophrenia in Latin American and East Asian populations, 143,144 representation of other groups, including Africans, is still lacking.…”

Section: Genome-wide Association Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlap between genetic variants associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and intelligence quotient: a systematic review

Murillo-García¹,

Barrio-Martínez

Setién-Suero

et al. 2022

jpn

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Background: To study whether there is genetic overlap underlying the risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and low intelligence quotient (IQ), we reviewed and summarized the evidence on genetic variants associated with both traits. Methods: We performed this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and preregistered it in PROSPERO. We searched the Medline databases via PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus. We included studies in adults with a diagnosis of SSD that explored genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs], copy number variants [CNVs], genomic insertions or genomic deletions), estimated IQ and studied the relationship between genetic variability and both traits (SSD and IQ). We synthesized the results and assessed risk of bias using the Quality of Genetic Association Studies (Q-Genie) tool. Results: Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria (45 case-control, 9 cross-sectional, 1 cohort), of which 55% reported significant associations for genetic variants involved in IQ and SSD. The SNPs more frequently explored through candidate gene studies were in COMT, DTNBP1, BDNF and TCF4. Through genome-wide association studies, 2 SNPs in CHD7 and GATAD2A were associated with IQ in patients with SSD. The studies on CNVs suggested significant associations between structural variants and low IQ in patients with SSD. Limitations: Overall, primary studies used heterogeneous IQ measurement tools and had small samples. Grey literature was not screened. Conclusion: Genetic overlap between SSD and IQ supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Most of the risk polymorphisms identified were in genes relevant to brain development, neural proliferation and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity.

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Diversity matters: opportunities in the study of the genetics of psychotic disorders in low- and middle-income countries in Latin America

Cited by 16 publications

References 88 publications

Excess mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with a median follow-up of 11 years after the first psychiatric hospital admission

Excess mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with a median follow-up of 11 years after the first psychiatric hospital admission

Projeto PUMAS e a Genética das Doenças Psiquiátricas

Overlap between genetic variants associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and intelligence quotient: a systematic review

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