Diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites in the ascomycete order Sordariales

Abstract

Ascomycetes belonging to the order Sordariales are a well-known reservoir of secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. Species of the Sordariales are ubiquitous, and they are commonly found in soils and in lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous habitats. Some of their species have been used as model organisms in modern fungal biology or were found to be prolific producers of potentially useful secondary metabolites. However, the majority of sordarialean species are poorly studied. Traditionally, the classification of the Sordariales has been mainly based on morphology of the ascomata, ascospores, and asexual states, characters that have been demonstrated to be homoplastic by modern taxonomic studies based on multi-locus phylogeny. Herein, we summarize for the first time relevant information about the available knowledge on the secondary metabolites and the biological activities exerted by representatives of this fungal order, as well as a current outlook of the potential opportunities that the recent advances in omic tools could bring for the discovery of secondary metabolites in this order.

Actinomucor elegans and Podospora bulbillosa Positively Improves Endurance to Water Deficit and Salinity Stresses in Tomato Plants

“…Fungi belonging to this order are a famous source of secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. They are commonly found in soil and other habitats such as wood, animal dung, or herbaceous plants [ 26 ]. Despite some knowledge available about these fungal species, no reports exist on their ability to mitigate salinity and drought stress in tomatoes or other plants.…”

Triangularia manubriata sp. Nov.: A Novel Fungal Species Belonging to the Family Podosporaceae Isolated from Soil in Korea

“…Some species in this genus produce different secondary metabolites [ 5 ]. For example, T. anserina produces larvicidal bioactive compounds called anthraquinones and the antibacterial and antifungal compound 1,4-benzoquinone [ 22 ].…”

“…Since Triangularia species have been reclassified from other genera, including Sordaria , Apiosordaria , Cercospora , and Zopfiella , this genus is phylogenetically confusing [ 4 ]. Furthermore, several species produce bioactive compounds, such as anserinone A and B, dethiosecoemestrin, and emestrin [ 5 ].…”

Darstellung der chemischen Diversität bioaktiver Meroterpenoide, die vom größten Organismus der Erde produziert werden

“…[34] Dazu wurden die MS/MS-Fragmentierungsmuster der isolierten Melleolide aus den Rohextrakten, die nach der Kultivierung von A. ostoyae in verschiedenen Medien gewonnen wurden, untersucht. [35] Andererseits war die Melleolid-Linoleat-MF durch nur drei Knotenpunkte vertreten, was darauf hindeu- 9) in größeren Mengen produziert. Bei den BRFT-Festmedienkulturen konnte beobachtet werden, dass Melleolid-Linoleat (4) und Armillarin-Linoleat (5) häufiger vorkommen als in den Extrakten aus den nächstgelegenen Clustern, obwohl diese Substanzen auch in den Myzelextrakten der Flüssigkulturen vorhanden waren.…”