Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters

Abstract

Abstract. Prayoga GP, Aini SN, Mustikarini, ED, Rosalin Y. 2020. Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 652-660. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province continued to decrease in 2014-2017. Efforts to increase black pepper production was carried out by providing superior varieties that began with an increase in the genetic diversity of black pepper plants. Increasing the genetic diversity of black pepper can be done through black pepper germplasm exploration activities followed by characterization. The research aimed to obtain the agro-morphological characteristics of black pepper plants in Bangka island. Exploration was carried out by survey method in four regencies in Bangka Island. The research method used a survey method with convenience sampling technique. Observation of agro-morphological characters was carried out in accordance with the descriptor for black pepper from IPGRI (1995). The results of exploration of black pepper plants in Bangka Island have found 9 accessions of black pepper plants, consisting of 5 cultivars were Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), Lampung Daun Kecil (LDK), Chunuk, and Jambi and 4 landraces namely Bogor, Peremis, Keriwil, and Merapin Daun Kecil (MDK). There were morphological differences in 9 accessions of black pepper plants, namely leaf lamina shape, leaf vein, leaf margin, lateral branch habit, leaf base shape, ripe fruit color, hanging vines, ground vines, and stem shape. Agro-morphological relationship of 9 accessions of black pepper plants can be divided into 5 clusters at a 50% similarity level. Based on this study, black pepper breeding program on Bangka Island could be done accessions of Peremis, Bogor, Nyelungkup, and Jambi as genetic sources. Furthermore, selection would be better to use length of petiole, length of stem segment, fruit size, percentage of perfect fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, and the weight of 1000 dried seeds as the selection criteria.

Morphological characterization and yield of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) types grown in Morogoro District, Tanzania

“…Their study showed that yield of fresh pepper berries significantly negatively correlated with number of well-developed berries/spike, 100 berry weight and volume. Hence, selection programme based on these characters may likely not lead to the high yielding pepper variety compared to a selection based on of dry weight of pepper berries as dry weight of berries showed a negative significant genotypic correlation with number of berries/spike, 100 berry weight and 100 berry volume (Preethy et al 2018;Prayoga et al 2020). On the contrary, number of berries/spike has been reported as the most important morphological character that has direct and positive effect on pepper yield (Bermawie et al 2019).…”

“…Observation and recording of morphological characters/descriptors has been a typical approach for identification and description of various pepper germplasms (Hussain et al 2017b;Bermawie et al 2019;Prayoga et al 2020). Other methods include pedigree, agronomic performance, biochemical and molecular/DNA-based data (Mohammadi and Prasanna 2003;Raghavan et al 2010;Deka et al 2016).…”

“…Phenotypic descriptors of a plant species that determine similarity and diversity between and within crop accessions are the bases for Morphological assessment. Phenotypic descriptors are plant traits which can be analyzed during different developmental stages of the crop and may appropriate used in distinguishing crop accessions (Meilawati et al 2020;Prayoga et al 2020). Local, native and wild pepper can be source of genetic diversity through germplasm collection, hence understanding their morphological characteristics can assist in the analysis of genetic diversity and can provide valuable consecutive years and involve assessment of internal quality attributes.…”

“…Other studies should encompass wider range of pepper types from other producing areas in Tanzania in order to establish their morphological distinctness, genetic diversity and interrelationships in relation to the globally known commercial varieties. Keywords: Pepper, Germplasm, Descriptors, Morphology, Yield, Morogoro district Shango et al CABI Agric Biosci (2021) 2:6 information on germplasm resources for crop improvement (Mathew et al 2006;Prayoga et al 2020). The aim of this study was to generate preliminary information on morphological characteristics of pepper types grown in Morogoro district, Tanzania compared to globally wellknown commercial varieties.…”

Effect of Microwave Treatment on the Profile of Volatile Compounds and Characteristics of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oil

“…The differences in volatile compounds which make up essential oils were reported (Hao et al 2018;Dosoky et al 2019;van Ruth et al 2019). Lampung daun lebar, Jambi, and Merapin jumbo are local accessions of pepper that are widely cultivated in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province (Prayoga et al 2020). Therefore, in this study, it is suspected that there are differences in the profile of volatile compounds, characteristics, and antioxidant activity of these 3 (three) accessions.…”