Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species

Abstract

Cladosporium species are cosmopolitan fungi, characterized by olivaceous or dark colonies with coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila with a central convex dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Cladosporium species have also been discovered in marine environments. Although many studies have been performed on the application of marine originated Cladosporium species, taxonomic studies on these species are scarce. We isolated Cladosporium species from three under-studied habitats (sediment, seawater, and seaweed) in two districts including an intertidal zone in the Republic of Korea and the open sea in the Western Pacific Ocean. Based on multigenetic marker analyses (for the internal transcribed spacer, actin, and translation elongation factor 1), we identified fourteen species, of which five were found to represent new species. These five species were C. lagenariiformesp. nov., C. maltirimosumsp. nov., C. marinumsp. nov. in the C. cladosporioides species complex, C. snafimbriatumsp. nov. in the C. herbarum species complex, and C. marinisedimentumsp. nov. in the C. sphaerospermum species complex. Morphological characteristics of the new species and aspects of differences with the already known species are described herein together with molecular data.

Long-Term Investigation of Marine-Derived Aspergillus Diversity in the Republic of Korea

“…Each dilution with 100 μL was spread on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC, Difco, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA), glucose yeast extract agar (GYA; 1 g L −1 glucose, 0.1 g L −1 yeast extract, 0.5 g L −1 peptone, and 15 g L −1 agar, Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) media, or Sabouraud dextrose agar (SNA, Difco, Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA). Seawater was sampled from the surface or bottom with sterilized bottles or using Niskin bottles equipped in the conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) rosettes and filtered through a sterile polycarbonate track-etched membrane filter ( d = 47 mm, ϕ = 0.2 μm, GVS Filter Technology, Sanford, USA) by using a vacuum pump as done in a previous study [ 24 ]. The filters were placed and cultured on DRBC agar for 7–28 days.…”