Diversity of Enterococcus cecorum from chickens

Boerlin, Patrick; Nicholson, Vivian M.; Brash, Marina L.; Slavić, Ðurđa; Boyen, Filip; Sanei, Babak; Butaye, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.001

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To date, ES has been reported in both breeding and meat production flocks in several states, including Pennsylvania, Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and California (Aziz & Barnes, 2009;Gingerich, 2009). ES has also been documented in broiler chickens in Belgium, Canada, Hungary, the Netherlands, and the UK Wood et al, 2002;DeHerdt et al, 2008;Stalker et al, 2010;Kense & Landman, 2011;Makrai et al, 2011;Boerlin et al, 2012). Clinical presentations, gross findings, and epidemiology are similar to those described for US broiler flocks (Gingerich, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The recent worldwide emergence of enterococcal-associated diseases in poultry may indicate conversion of specific strains of E. cecorum from commensal to pathogen. Two major hypotheses have been put forward to explain the recently increased incidence of E. cecorum infections: changes in host or environmental factors, and the emergence of particular clones with increased pathogenicity (Boerlin et al, 2012). In this study, phenotypic and genotypic analyses of E. cecorum isolates recovered from caseÁcontrol investigations of 22 epidemiologically distinct outbreaks of ES in the southeastern United States provide further evidence for emergence of clones with increased pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, since 2002 E. cecorum has been increasingly recognized in broiler and broiler breeder flocks as the cause of epidemics of osteomyelitis, arthritis, and spondylitis (Aziz & Barnes, 2007, 2009DeHerdt et al, 2008;Gingerich, 2009;Stalker et al, 2010;Martin et al, 2011;Boerlin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the pathogenesis of ES remains poorly understood, recent evidence suggests the increased incidence of enterococcal-associated disease in poultry may be due to horizontal spread of dominant clones of E. cecorum that exhibit increased pathogenicity (Kense & Landman, 2011;Boerlin et al, 2012). The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of isolates recovered from spondylitis lesions, caeca of affected birds, and caeca from unaffected birds from geographically and temporally distinct outbreaks of ES in the southeastern United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology ofEnterococcus cecorumisolates recovered from enterococcal spondylitis outbreaks in the southeastern United States

et al. 2012

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Enterococcus cecorum, a normal intestinal inhabitant, is increasingly responsible for outbreaks of arthritis and osteomyelitis in chickens worldwide. Enterococcal spondylitis (ES) is a specific manifestation of E. cecorum-associated disease in which increased flock morbidity and mortality result from chronic infection involving the free thoracic vertebra. In this study the genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of isolates recovered from ES-affected flocks in the southeastern United States were determined. ES outbreaks from 2007 to 2011 were investigated in North Carolina (15 flocks, 13 farms, four integrators), South Carolina (one flock, one farm, one integrator) and Alabama (six flocks, six farms, one integrator). From these 22 epidemiologically distinct outbreaks, 326 isolates of E. cecorum were recovered. Isolates from spinal lesions and caeca of affected birds (cases) and caeca of unaffected birds (controls) were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; phenotyped using both GenIII MicroPlate TM (Biolog; Hayward, CA, USA) microbial identification plates and antimicrobial sensitivity testing; and compared with each other. Isolates from spinal lesions were incapable of mannitol metabolism and the majority of these isolates were genetically clonal. In contrast, caecal isolates from control birds varied in their ability to metabolize mannitol and were genetically diverse. Isolates from both case and control birds had high levels of antimicrobial resistance. These findings indicate that the increase in E. cecorum-associated disease in the southeast United States is due to the emergence of new clones with increased pathogenicity and multidrug resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology ofEnterococcus cecorumisolates recovered from enterococcal spondylitis outbreaks in the southeastern United States

et al. 2012

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“…For instance, Clostridium perfringens can cause food poisoning and necrotic enteritis, sometimes with fatal outcomes (Songer 2010). Enterococcus cecorum has recently been identified as a significant problem doi: 10.17221/70/2017-CJAS in broilers, and is increasingly being reported as an important cause of arthritis and osteomyelitis in chickens (Boerlin et al 2012). Similarly, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus are considered to be the widespread pathogens causing serious illnesses and systematic disorder both in animals and humans (McLauchlin and Rees 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids against Gram-positive pathogenic and gut commensal bacteria

Hovorková¹,

Laloučková²,

Skřivanová³

2018

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Hovorková P., Laloučková K., Skřivanová E. (2018): Determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids against Gram-positive pathogenic and gut commensal bacteria. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 63, 119-125.Increasing antibiotic resistance has led to a ban on antibiotic use in feed additives in the EU. Therefore, new non-antibiotic, pathogen-inhibiting agents are urgently needed. Inhibitory effects of eight plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) were evaluated against Gram-positive pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. The oils tested were palm, red palm, palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), babassu (Attalea speciosa), murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru), tucuma (Astrocaryum vulgare), and Cuphea oil (Cuphea ignea); the method used was broth microdilution, and the findings were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (80%). Both hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed forms of the oils were tested. MCFA hydrolysis was catalyzed by porcine pancreas lipase. The selective effect of the hydrolyzed forms of tested oils was highly evident. While the hydrolyzed oils were active against all tested bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus cecorum, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus), at 0.14-4.5 mg/ml, the same oils did not show any effect on commensal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). Tucuma and Cuphea seed oils showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Unhydrolyzed forms of all tested oils exerted no antibacterial effect against any test bacteria. This study, thus, forms a basis for the development of selective inhibitors in animal husbandry.

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