Diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species in French Guiana: their main host plants and associated parasitoids during the period 1994–2003 and prospects for management

Abstract

-Introduction. This study was carried out in French Guiana, over ten years (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) by three institutions (SPV, FDGPC and CIRAD); it updates the current state of knowledge of Tephritidae (both Dacini and Toxotrypanini tribes) species present in this country. Materials and methods. The work was mainly conducted in inhabited areas (from the Brazilian border to the Surinamese border) where cultivated fruit crops are located. Specimens were obtained by adult trapping and fruit sampling in nearby orchards and at the edge of the rainforest. Trapping was done consistently for 10 years, while fruit sampling was a discontinuous activity. We present only the results for fruit sampling from three consecutive years (2001)(2002)(2003) in which a total of 880 kg from 45 fruit species in 22 plant families were collected. Results. Twenty-nine plant species from fourteen plant families were found to be hosts of twenty-one Anastrepha species and one Bactrocera species, Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock. During this period, no specimen of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) was collected in traps or fruit samples. We registered the main fruit trees which were hosts for B. carambolae and Anastrepha spp. Five hymenopterous parasitoid species were identified. Among them, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an exotic species and was introduced into French Guiana in collaboration with Brazilian authorities (EMBRAPA) in 2000 and 2001 within the framework of a classical biological control program. Conclusion. Our data provide baseline information about the tephritid species of economic importance present in French Guiana and assist in developing potential future control programs of both the B. carambolae and Anastrepha species in the Amazon Basin. These preliminary results are discussed in the light of their implication for rainforest conservation efforts and also evolutionary relationships between fruit flies and their hosts. Guyane française / arbre fruitier / plante hôte / insecte déprédateur des fruits / collecte de données / Tephritidae / Braconidae

Frugivorous Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae), Their Host Plants, and Associated Parasitoids in the Extreme North of Amapá State, Brazil

“…In Oiapoque, there was significant infestation of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), exclusively by species of Neosilba (Table 1). Vayssières et al (2013) conducted a survey using McPhail traps (1994McPhail traps ( -2003 and fruit sampling (2001)(2002)(2003) in French Guiana, from the border with Brazil to the border with Suriname. The authors did not report the presence of A. suspensa, but obtained 21 species of Anastrepha, in addition to B. carambolae.…”

“…Approximately 70 species are confirmed pests, whereas others may potentially cause damage to crops (White & Elson-Harris 1992;Uchôa 2012). The Anastrepha Schiner species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, cause considerable damage to both commercial and noncommercial fruit trees in South America (Zucchi 2001;Vayssières et al 2013;Lemos et al 2014).…”

First Record of Anastrepha zacharyi Norrbom (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, and Notes on Its Host Plant and Parasitoid

“…This is therefore the first report of A. zacharyi in Brazil and the first report of its host plant and associated parasitoid. Seven other species of Anastrepha have been reported to use species of Bellucia as host plants (Zucchi 2008, Jesus-Barros et al 2012, Vayssières et al 2013, however, this is the first record of a species of Anastrepha in B. egensis. Considering the relative ease of collecting A. zacharyi from its host in the state of Amap a, additional research on its biology and host plant phenology should be pursued, as well as investigations in other states where this plant species is known to occur to further determine the geographic distribution of A. zacharyi.…”

Frugivorous Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae) Associated with Fruit Production on Ilha de Santana, Brazilian Amazon

“…also no indication of native parasitoids specifically attacking larvae of B. carambolae (Sauers-Müller 2005;Vayssières et al 2013). However, Vayssières et al (2013) considered the hypothesis that parasitoids do attack immatures of Bactrocera, but do not successfully develop due to poor adaptation to this host or the immune response of its larvae.…”

“…also no indication of native parasitoids specifically attacking larvae of B. carambolae (Sauers-Müller 2005;Vayssières et al 2013). However, Vayssières et al (2013) considered the hypothesis that parasitoids do attack immatures of Bactrocera, but do not successfully develop due to poor adaptation to this host or the immune response of its larvae. According to their observations, the only species of parasitoid to emerge from pupae of B. carambolae was Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which was introduced to the region in the year 2000.…”