Diversity of Fungi Isolated from Potato Nematode Cysts in Guizhou Province, China

Abstract

Potatoes rank third in terms of human consumption after rice and wheat. Globodera spp. are significant pests of potato crop worldwide. Globodera rostochiensis was found in Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, in 2019. We collected soil from the rhizosphere zone from infected potato plants and separated mature cysts through simple floatation and sieving methods. The selected cysts were surface-sterilized, and the colonized fungi were isolated and purified. At the same time, the preliminary identification of fungi and fungi parasites on the cysts of nematodes was carried out. This study aimed to define the species and frequency of fungi-colonizing cysts of G. rostochiensis collected from Weining County, Guizhou Province, China, and provide a basis for the control of G. rostochiensis. As a result, 139 strains of colonized fungi were successfully isolated. Multigene analyses showed that these isolates included 11 orders, 17 families, and 23 genera. The genera Fusarium (with a separation frequency of 59%), Penicillium (11%), Edenia (3.6%), and Paraphaeosphaeria (3.6%) were the most frequently occurring. Among the 44 strains, 27 had a colonization rate of 100% on the cysts of G. rostochiensis. Meanwhile, the functional annotation of 23 genera indicated that some fungi have multitrophic lifestyles combining endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic behavior. In conclusion, this study showed the species composition and lifestyle diversity of colonized fungi from G. rostochiensis and demonstrated these isolates as potential sources of biocontrol agents. Colonized fungi were isolated from G. rostochiensis for the first time in China, and the taxonomic diversity of fungi from G. rostochiensis was clarified.

Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Fungi Associated with Dry Rot of Potato Tubers

“…Previously, F. noneumartii was isolated from potatoes in Israel and from tomatoes in the USA [ 52 ], as well as from the roots of orange trees in South Africa [ 55 ]. F. stercicola has been isolated from plant debris in Switzerland [ 56 ], from soil in Europe [ 38 , 57 ] and in China [ 41 ], and also has been found on Solanum tuberosum and other host plants in New Zealand [ 58 ] and in nematodes [ 59 ]. F. vanettenii was previously isolated from potato tubers in Russia [ 33 , 60 ], as well as from tomato [ 61 ], legumes [ 42 ], and soil [ 38 ].…”

Non-chemical management of weeds through bioherbicides: current status, market, development, constraints and future prospects

“…The genetic-manipulative approach can be employed to produce highly virulence strains for enhancing biocontrol efficacy. This approach offers numerous and diverse scenarios for developing bioherbicides and may open the door to large-scale corporate development and perhaps also to larger-scale public development (Jiang and Wang, 2023).…”

“…Maximum in the United States (10) followed by Canada (8), South Africa (3), Netherlands (2), Japan (2) and one each in China, Australia and India (Table -1). At present, DeVine TM , Collego TM (Lockdown R ), BioMal R , Stumpout TM , Chontrol TM (EcoClear TM ), Smolder R , Sarritor TM , Solvinix R Gibbatrianth, Biophoma TM and Di-Bak Parkinsonia R are currently available in the market (Charudattan, 1984;Green, 2003;Kremer, 2005;Aneja, 2014;Dagno et al, 2012;Caldwell et al, 2012;Bailey, 2014;Harding and Raizada, 2015;De Silva et al, 2017;Morin, 2020;Galea, 2021;Berestetskiy, 2021;Roberts et al, 2022;Yadav et al, 2022;Jiang and Wang, 2023). Colletotrichum, a hemi-biotrophic, coelomycetous and anthracnose causing fungus, has been maximally exploited for the development and commercialization of bioherbicides (Table 1).…”

“…The approaches to overcome the challenges discussed above in the development of bioherbicides have been categorized as selection and improvement of biocontrol agents; mass inoculum production; application technology in the fields; use of proper surfactants; and fermentation technology (Aneja et al, 2017) with broad host ranges offer the most commercial potential, if these can be tailored to suit particular crop systems (Evans, 1995;Hynes, 2018). Genetic improvement of a bioherbicide candidates through genetic manipulation to get improved strains can help in increased virulence and phytotoxin production in an organism for improved efficacy; modification for the host range or increased or decreased host specificity; and resistance to synthetic herbicides to enable integration of the microbial agent with synthetic herbicides (Charudattan, 1990;Aneja, 1999;Jiang and Wang, 2023). Use of recombinant DNA technology, in contrast to mutagenesis technique, may offer a much more precise and directed approach of altering the DNA of a pathogen to enhance effectiveness and modify host specificity (Auld and Morin, 1995;Miller, 1993b, Templeton andHeiny, 1989).…”

Two strains Neocosmospora stercicola (Sordariomycetes, Nectriaceae) with high nematicidal activity, isolated from the cysts of Globodera sp. (Heteroderidae) in China

“… Fusarium spp. have been associated with Heterodera glycines , Meloidogyne incognita , Globodera rostochiensis , G. pallida and some species exhibiting nematicidal activity ( Singh and Mathur 2010 , Terra et al 2018 , Zhang et al 2023 ).…”