Diversity of Hemiptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and Their Natural Enemies onCaryocar brasiliense(Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) Trees in the Brazilian Cerrado

Abstract

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Architectural diversity and galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense trees

“…The higher percentages of defoliation and populations of defoliators and ants on C. brasiliense trees may be explained by the impact of predatory ants, bugs and spiders reducing defoliators and leaf miner insects on wider crown plants 35 . Variations in abundance and diversity of sucking insects and their natural enemies on wide crown trees and of the number of species and individuals of natural enemies is similar to those for Dikrella caryocar (Coelho, Leite & Da-Silva) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), of ants, predator thrips and lady beetles as well as with higher values on these C. brasiliense trees 36 .…”

“…The similar abundance, richness and diversity of the second group on C. brasiliense with different RHW is due to the fact that they are generalists with little dependence on a single prey, contrary to most parasitoids 32 and these trees support greater diversity of free-feeding herbivore insects 33 – 36 . The higher percentages of defoliation and populations of defoliators and ants on C. brasiliense trees may be explained by the impact of predatory ants, bugs and spiders reducing defoliators and leaf miner insects on wider crown plants 35 .…”

Plant–herbivore assemblages composed of endophagous and exophagous insects have different patterns of diversity and specialization in Brazilian savannas

“…Thus, human-induced disturbances should intensify the specialization differences between herbivorous insect guilds, since endophages tend to be lost because are less likely to shift to another plant species if their primary host is lost or replaced (Araújo, 2013), whereas in exophagous communities, disturbances tend to select the most tolerant species that are generally the most generalist (i.e., oligophages and polyphages). Some studies have investigated anthropogenic effects on the diversity of endophages (e.g., Araújo & Guilherme, 2012;Diniz et al, 2010) and exophages (e.g., Leite et al, 2016;Lepesqueur et al, 2012) in Neotropical savannas, but few studies have compared these effects on different guilds simultaneously (e.g., Neves et al, 2012). In addition, recent evidence points to a more specialized network topology (i.e., specialization at community level) for galling insects than sucking and chewing insects in Brazilian savannas (Oliveira et al, 2020).…”

“…Some studies have investigated anthropogenic effects on the diversity of endophages (e.g., Araújo & Guilherme, 2012; Diniz et al, 2010) and exophages (e.g., Leite et al, 2016; Lepesqueur et al, 2012) in Neotropical savannas, but few studies have compared these effects on different guilds simultaneously (e.g., Neves et al, 2012). In addition, recent evidence points to a more specialized network topology (i.e., specialization at community level) for galling insects than sucking and chewing insects in Brazilian savannas (Oliveira et al, 2020).…”

Ecofisiologia de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S. F. Blake em solos de Cerrado: diferenças entre solos podem modular o desenvolvimento de uma arbórea invasora?

“…Por outro lado, as formações arbóreas, como o Cerrado sensu stricto, quando cercados por pastagens, são ambientes que sofrem mais com a simplificação, pela supressão parcial ou total que prejudica muitas das associações entre animais e plantas(Leite et al 2016). Do mesmo modo, a homogeneização de formações florestais mais densas decorrentes da presença de plantas invasoras, além do prejuízo direto à vegetação nativa, pode causar alto impacto também às comunidades de animais (Queiroz et al de plantas de S. parahyba em fitofisionomias de Cerrado, resolveuse isolar o fator solo com uso de casa de vegetação, dispensando assim fatores ambientais como competição, luminosidade, temperatura e água.…”