Diversity of <i><scp>P</scp>hytophthora infestans</i> from <scp>P</scp>oland

Chmielarz, Marcin; Sobkowiak, S.; Dębski, Konrad J.; Cooke, D. E. L.; Brurberg, May Bente; Śliwka, Jadwiga

doi:10.1111/ppa.12076

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is the most devastating disease in potato farms during the growing season (Fry 2008;Bradeen et al 2009;Chmielarz et al 2014;Mosquera et al 2016). Under favorable conditions, the pathogen can significantly lower yields, and late blight epidemics can result in the destruction of entire harvests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth Regulators and a Biostimulator on the Health Status, Yield and Yield Components of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2017

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In this study, the influence of potato cultivars Irga, Satina, Valfi, Blaue St. Galler and Highland Burgundy Red (HB Red), growth regulators: Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL and Trifender WP, and the biostimulator Asahi SL on the health status of potato plants and tuber yield was investigated. The severity of late blight and early blight was estimated during the growing season. After harvest, potato tuber yield was determined according to size fractions. The applied treatments significantly reduced the severity of late blight in cv. Irga (Kelpak SL), Valfi (Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL, Trifender WP) and Blaue St. Galler (Trifender WP) in 2013. In 2015, the symptoms of early blight were significantly reduced in cv. Irga after the application of all tested bioregulators. HB Red was characterized by the best health status among the evaluated cultivars. Kelpak SL and BioAlgeen S-90 increased the tuber yield of cvs. Irga and HB Red, respectively, in 2013, and Trifender WP increased the tuber yield of cv. Satina in 2014. In the first year of the study, the applied growth regulators and biostimulator significantly increased the percentage of medium-sized tubers of cv. Blaue St. Galler, and Bio-Algeen S-90 increased the percentage of medium-sized tubers of cv. HB Red.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth Regulators and a Biostimulator on the Health Status, Yield and Yield Components of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2017

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“…In this sample of Polish P. infestans population, among 96 isolates, 66 different genotypes defined by 14 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were found. These P. infestans isolates differed also in mating type, mitochondrial haplotype, metalaxyl resistance and virulence towards Black's differentials indicating that Polish population has not been dominated by a few clonal lineages (Chmielarz et al 2014) which was still true in 2010-2013 (unpublished). Pure P. infestans cultures were obtained from leaves with single lesions according to the procedure described by Chmielarz et al (2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These P. infestans isolates differed also in mating type, mitochondrial haplotype, metalaxyl resistance and virulence towards Black's differentials indicating that Polish population has not been dominated by a few clonal lineages (Chmielarz et al 2014) which was still true in 2010-2013 (unpublished). Pure P. infestans cultures were obtained from leaves with single lesions according to the procedure described by Chmielarz et al (2014). Then, they were propagated at least twice on susceptible potato tissues and tested on at least three detached leaflets of the clone 99-10/36.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Isolates from 2008to 2009 were included in a study on diversity of Polish P. infestans population that showed high genetic diversity and a potential for sexual reproduction of this pathogen in Poland (Chmielarz et al 2014). In this sample of Polish P. infestans population, among 96 isolates, 66 different genotypes defined by 14 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were found.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Still, the virulent isolates are already present in Poland, even though plants with the Rpi-rzc1 gene have never been cultivated in this area before. Taking into account that P. infestans is fast evolving and most likely propagating also generatively in this region (Chmielarz et al 2014), there is a risk that with the growing acreage of Rpi-rzc1 plants the frequency of virulent isolates will grow rapidly, rendering the gene ineffective. Therefore, the Rpi-rzc1 gene must be released with caution, in a carefully chosen genetic background and in combination with other R gene (s).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fine mapping of the Rpi-rzc1 gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to potato late blight

et al. 2015

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The Rpi-rzc1 gene originates from Solanum ruiz-ceballosii, a wild diploid relative of the cultivated potato. It provides high levels of resistance to late blight both in detached leaflet and in tuber slice tests. Here, we present evidence on the broad-spectrum of this resistance using detached leaflet assays and 509 diverse Polish Phytophthora infestans isolates of which only seven (1.4 %) were virulent on plants with the Rpirzc1 gene. In a previous mapping study genetic distance between the Rpi-rzc1 gene and locus F conferring violet flower colour was 3.4 cM, while on the other side the gene was flanked by marker T1521 located in the distance of 6.1 cM. Adding new RenSeq markers changed the map order and slightly decreased these distances. To further increase the precision of the genetic map we expanded the mapping population with another 240 individuals originating from the same cross. These individuals were assessed for resistance to P. infestans in detached leaflet tests and their flower colours were evaluated. Ten sequence-specific PCR markers were scored in the enlarged mapping population: two were derived directly from the NBS-LRR homologs from the potato genome sequence, two were identified by the Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (RenSeq) approach, and the remaining six from other mapping studies. On the resulting map the Rpi-rzc1 gene is flanked by markers located 0.4 cM from it. Narrowing down the chromosome sector containing the Rpi-rzc1 gene to 1 cM improves the efficiency of marker-assisted selection and will be useful for studies aiming at cloning the gene.

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Local adaptation to temperature in populations and clonal lineages of the Irish potato famine pathogenPhytophthora infestans

Mariette

Androdias

Mabon

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Environmental factors such as temperature strongly impact microbial communities. In the current context of global warming, it is therefore crucial to understand the effects of these factors on human, animal, or plant pathogens. Here, we used a common‐garden experiment to analyze the thermal responses of three life‐history traits (latent period, lesion growth, spore number) in isolates of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans from different climatic zones. We also used a fitness index (FI) aggregating these traits into a single parameter. The experiments revealed patterns of local adaptation to temperature for several traits and for the FI, both between populations and within clonal lineages. Local adaptation to temperature could result from selection for increased survival between epidemics, when isolates are exposed to more extreme climatic conditions than during epidemics. We also showed different thermal responses among two clonal lineages sympatric in western Europe, with lower performances of lineage 13_A2 compared to 6_A1, especially at low temperatures. These data therefore stress the importance of thermal adaptation in a widespread, invasive pathogen, where adaptation is usually considered almost exclusively with respect to host plants. This must now be taken into account to explain, and possibly predict, the global distribution of specific lineages and their epidemic potential.

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Diversity of Phytophthora infestans from Poland

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

The Effect of Growth Regulators and a Biostimulator on the Health Status, Yield and Yield Components of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The Effect of Growth Regulators and a Biostimulator on the Health Status, Yield and Yield Components of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Fine mapping of the Rpi-rzc1 gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to potato late blight

Local adaptation to temperature in populations and clonal lineages of the Irish potato famine pathogenPhytophthora infestans

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