Diversity of Insect Trypanosomatids Assessed from the Spliced Leader RNA and 5s rRNA Genes and Intergenic Regions<sup>1</sup>

Podlipaev, S. A.; Sturm, Nancy R.; Fiala, Ivan; Fernandes, Octávio; Westenberger, Scott J.; Dollet, Michel; Campbell, David A.; Lukeš, Julius

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00568.x

Cited by 59 publications

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“…Amplification of the 5S region was performed using the previously described primer pair 5S-L and 5S-R, whereas amplification of the 18S region was performed using two primers designed for this study, SSUeuglenD (5Ј-GCGTGCGGTT TAATTTGACT-3Ј) and SSUeuglenR (5Ј-GGACGTAATCG GCACAGTTT-3Ј) (12). PCR products were sequenced at MWG Biotech (Hedersberg, Germany).…”

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Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

et al. 2008

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Severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients can develop various opportunistic infections due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa. Here we report the first isolation of a flagellated protozoan genetically closely related to Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, which is usually a parasite of insects, from the blood of an HIV-infected patient. CASE REPORTIn November 2003, a 42-year-old man living in the south of France with no history of recent travel outside France was admitted to Montpellier University Hospital with a fever (38.9°C) and left-side continual frontal headache that had persisted for 15 days. The patient was working as a florist, was homosexual, and had no history of drug abuse. He had been human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive since 1991 and had experienced multiple antiretroviral therapy failures. His CD4 cell count had been below 20 cells/mm 3 for 7 years. He had presented with several opportunistic infections, such as anal condyloma, herpes zoster, and multiple episodes of oral candidiasis. At the time of admission, he was treated with abacavir, lamivudine, ritonavir, amprenavir, and cotrimoxazole.Upon admission, physical examination was normal. No neurological signs or primary infection site was noted. Cerebral tomodensitometry showed no abnormality. Laboratory findings revealed a moderate inflammatory syndrome (C-reactive protein, 18.8 mg/liter) and pancytopenia: anemia (hemoglobin, 10.7 g/dl), neutropenia (white blood cell count, 0.9 ϫ 10 3 /mm 3 with 65% neutrophils, 19% lymphocytes, 11% monocytes, and 3% eosinophils), and thrombocytopenia (83 ϫ 10 3 / mm 3 ). A bone marrow biopsy performed on day four after admission showed a regenerative process. Taking into account the fever and pancytopenia, bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitological investigations (Toxoplasma detection by PCR) were performed on the sputum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and bone marrow. Results of all of these investigations were negative. Because leishmaniasis is endemic in the south of France, a blood sample was inoculated on Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium, a specific blood-enriched culture medium (6), at 27°C and checked weekly for the presence of Leishmania parasites. Four weeks after seeding, a flagellated protozoan was isolated, and the Giemsa-stained preparations from this culture showed a cell body mean size of 10 m by 2.5 m and a flagellum mean size around 12 m. The kinetoplast was generally located close to the nucleus in a para-or promastigote position. The global morphology of the cells was clearly different from that of the Leishmania promastigotes (Fig. 1).Therefore, molecular identification was performed based on nucleotide sequence analysis of 5S and 18S ribosomal DNA regions. Amplification of the 5S region was performed using the previously described primer pair 5S-L and 5S-R, whereas amplification of the 18S region was performed using two primers designed for this study, SSUeuglenD (5Ј-GCGTGCGGTT TAATTTGACT-3Ј) and SSUeuglenR (5Ј-GGACGTAATCG GCACAGTTT-3Ј) (12). PCR product...

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Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

et al. 2008

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“…The expected shifts (e.g., mutations) are essentially normalized, and DNA accumulates substitutions at a stable pace. Since mutations appear at moreor-less regular intervals, time can be estimated proportionally (Klein & Takahata 2002, Podlipaev et al 2004. The constant accumulation of mutations affecting aminoacid change in proteins during evolution is thus accountable ).…”

Section: Eons and Interplaymentioning

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Evolution and pathology in Chagas disease: a review

Teixeira

Nascimento

Sturm³

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…A maioria destes gêneros reúne parasitas monoxênicos de insetos (Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Crithidia, Blastocrithidia, Wallaceina e Sergeia), enquanto o gênero Phytomonas contém parasitas heteroxênicos de insetos e plantas e apenas três gêneros albergam espécies heteroxênicas que circulam entre hospedeiros invertebrados (vetores) e vertebrados: Leishmania, Endotrypanum e Trypanosoma (HOARE, 1972;PODLIPAEV et al, 2004;SVOBODOVÁ et al, 2007) O gênero Trypanosoma foi originalmente proposto por Gruby (1843) para acomodar um parasita hemoflagelado, Trypanosoma sanguinis, observado em Rana esculenta na Europa. Desde então, inúmeras espécies de tripanossomas têm sido descritas em um grande número de hospedeiros vertebrados, abrangendo répteis, anfíbios, peixes, aves e mamíferos (HOARE, 1972;STEVENS et al, 9 2001;SIMPSON et al, 2006).…”

Section: O Gênero Trypanosomaunclassified

“…As diferenças observadas nas taxas de atividade destas enzimas revelaram vários tipos de expressão, assim T. cruzi expressa predominantemente atividade de trans-sialidase (TS) enquanto T. rangeli, expressa exclusivamente atividade de sialidase (AS), permitindo a diferenciação destes parasitas (PONTES DE CARVALHO et al, 1993;MEDINA-ACOSTA et al, 1994;ENGSTER et al, 1995).…”

Section: Atividade De Neuraminidase E Trans-sialidaseunclassified

Genes de cisteíno proteases (Catepsina L-like) de Trypanosoma rangeli: polimorfismo, relações filogenéticas e alvos para diagnóstico e genotipagem.

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Diversity of Insect Trypanosomatids Assessed from the Spliced Leader RNA and 5s rRNA Genes and Intergenic Regions¹

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

Evolution and pathology in Chagas disease: a review

Genes de cisteíno proteases (Catepsina L-like) de Trypanosoma rangeli: polimorfismo, relações filogenéticas e alvos para diagnóstico e genotipagem.

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Diversity of Insect Trypanosomatids Assessed from the Spliced Leader RNA and 5s rRNA Genes and Intergenic Regions1

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

Isolation of a Protozoan Parasite Genetically Related to the Insect Trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient

Evolution and pathology in Chagas disease: a review

Genes de cisteíno proteases (Catepsina L-like) de Trypanosoma rangeli: polimorfismo, relações filogenéticas e alvos para diagnóstico e genotipagem.

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Diversity of Insect Trypanosomatids Assessed from the Spliced Leader RNA and 5s rRNA Genes and Intergenic Regions¹