Diversity of invertebrates in the Republic of Macedonia

Abstract

The assessment of the diversity of invertebrates in Macedonia was based on previous assessments and analyses of new published data in the period 2003-2013 (after the first country study on biodiversity). The total number of species was estimated at almost 13400 that represents an increase of more than 3700 species. The largest number of species is in the phyllum Arthropoda (over 11800 species) i.e. the class Insecta with more than 10000 species.In this 10-years period (2003-2013) 64 new invertebrate species have been described for science with its locus typicus in Macedonia or at least part of the type series originates from Macedonia.The highest number of endemic and relict species can be found in the lakes of Ohrid and Prespa as well as the mountainous areas, especially in western Macedonia. Although less known, endogean habitats in Macedonia (including caves) hold significant diversity of species.This paper also deals with the conservation of invertebrates. According to the national legislation there are 35 invertebrates listed as strictly protected and 513 species as protected, however the criteria for selection are vague and taxonomic status of many of these species is doubtful. This situation might be overcome by elaboration of national red list assessment. So far, only daily butterflies were subject to an attempt for assessment according to the IUCN red list criteria. Furthermore, eight Prime Butterfly Areas were designated in Macedonia on the basis of five target species.The information on allochtonous and invasive species of invertebrates in Macedonia is very scarce. The presented list includes about 50 species.