Diversity of Microbial Secondary Metabolites

Abstract

Microbial secondary metabolites Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral activity Cytotoxic effect Interest to microbial secondary metabolites (products of microbial synthesis that are not necessary for the growth and propagation of a biological agent) is due to their unique biological properties, which are found to be practical in various industries: food, chemical, oil industry, environmental protection, agriculture, and also in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine. Such metabolites include antibiotics, exopolysaccharides, surfactants, antiviral and cytotoxic agents, enzyme inhibitors. The need to search for new products of microbial synthesis is primarily due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance of many pathogens of infectious diseases. In addition, studies of low-toxic antitumor compounds, immunosuppressors and enzyme inhibitors that can replace chemical analogues that exert an immunosuppressive, mutagenic and teratogenic effect on healthy human cells are important. In this paper, modern literature data on the synthesis of microbial secondary metabolites by epiphytic, free-living (including marine) bacteria (representatives of the Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae families), actinobacteria of the Streptomycetaceae and Micromonosporaceae families, fungi of the Trichocomaceae family (genera Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium) are given. Due to a wide range of biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic) they can be used as alternative chemical compounds in medicine, as well as in agriculture to control the quantity of phytopathogenic microorganisms.