Diversity of Natural Anti-α-Galactosyl Antibodies in Human Serum

Lisowska, Elwira; Duk, Maria

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_30

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Natural antibody levels, for example, anti-Gal antibody, are believed to be associated with microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal during the first few months of life [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural antibody levels, for example, anti‐Gal antibody, are believed to be associated with microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal during the first few months of life . The development of antibody is generally considered to be T cell‐independent , although there is some evidence that it may be T cell‐dependent .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific pathogen-free (SPF) baboons were established to reduce colonization with bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that might be pathogenic. As it is believed that natural antibodies, including some anti-pig antibodies, develop as a result of microbial colonization of the intestinal tract during infancy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], a reduced level of colonization might be associated with lower levels of anti-pig antibody. We have investigated this hypothesis in baboons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are there advantages in the use of specific pathogen‐free baboons in pig organ xenotransplantation models?

Zhou

Iwase

Wolf

et al. 2014

Xenotransplantation

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Background Baboons have natural antibodies against pig antigens. We have investigated whether there are differences in anti-nonGal pig antibody levels between baboons maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions and those housed under conventional conditions (NonSPF) that might be associated with improved outcome after pig-to-baboon organ transplantation. Methods Baboons (n=40) were housed indoors (SPF n=8) or in indoor/outdoor pens (NonSPF n=32) in colonies of similar size and structure. NonSPF colonies harbor a number of pathogens common to nonhuman primate species, whereas many of these pathogens have been eliminated from the SPF colony. Complete blood cell counts (CBC), blood chemistry, and anti-nonGal IgM and IgG levels were monitored. Results There were no significant differences in CBC or blood chemistry between SPF and NonSPF baboons. Anti-nonGal IgM levels were significantly lower in the SPF baboons than in the NonSPF baboons (MFI 7.1 vs 8.8, p<0.05). One SPF and two NonSPF baboons had an MFI >20; if these 3 baboons are omitted, the mean MFIs were 4.8 (SPF) vs 7.5 (NonSPF) (p<0.05). Anti-nonGal IgG was minimal in both groups (MFI 1.0 vs 1.0). Conclusions As their levels of anti-nonGal IgM are lower, baboons maintained under SPF conditions may be beneficial for xenotransplantation studies as the initial binding of anti-pig IgM to an α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pig organ may be less, thus resulting in less complement and/or endothelial cell activation. However, even under identical SPF conditions, an occasional baboon will express a high level of anti-nonGal IgM, the reason for which remains uncertain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are there advantages in the use of specific pathogen‐free baboons in pig organ xenotransplantation models?

Zhou

Iwase

Wolf

et al. 2014

Xenotransplantation

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“…The Gal specifi c ligand adhesions are the significant tools for lectin family, targeted by immune cells. For example, immunity to intestinal infection of Entamoeba species is specifi c with the intestinal IgA antibodies which target the Gal containing lectin of parasite [55,56]. The literature study has also shown that the Gal and its sulfate derivative in glycosphngolipinds can behave as an alternate coreceptor for HIV-1 in CD4-cells.…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Galactose in human health and disease

et al. 2012

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“…We hypothesized that this variation might be associated with exposure to different viruses, bacteria, fungi, and/or parasites during infancy and childhood (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8). We therefore determined to test larger cohorts of subjects from various geographic backgrounds to ascertain whether the level of anti-pig antibody correlated with the geographic location in which the subject spent his or her formative years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Correlation Between Anti-Pig Antibody Levels in Humans and Geographic Location During Childhood?

Kumar

Satyananda²,

Fang³

et al. 2013

Transplantation

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Background An initial observation suggested high levels of anti-pig antibodies in healthy humans who had spent their childhood in the Middle-East. We tested larger cohorts to determine whether anti-pig antibody levels correlated with the geographic location in which the subject spent his/her childhood, as this might have implications for clinical trials of xenotransplantation. Methods Anti-pig IgM and IgG levels (by flow cytometry using PBMC from wild-type [WT] and α1, 3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout [GTKO] pigs), and anti-Gal IgM and IgG levels (by ELISA) were measured in 75 volunteers. Comparisons of antibody levels were also made on the basis of subject age, gender, ABO blood group, diet, and history of vaccination. Results Antibody binding to GTKO pig cells was less than to WT cells. There was a reduction in anti-pig IgM and anti-Gal IgM, but a slight increase in anti-non Gal IgG, with age. Women had higher levels of anti-Gal IgM than men. Blood group A subjects had higher levels of anti-pig IgM and IgG than those of group AB. Diet had no influence on antibody levels. Typhoid or MMR vaccination was associated with lower anti-nonGal IgG or anti-Gal IgG, respectively, whereas influenza vaccination was associated with higher anti-nonGal IgG. There were some significant variations in antibody levels associated with location during childhood, with subjects from the middle-east demonstrating higher anti-nonGal IgG and anti-Gal IgG. Conclusion Clinical trials of xenotransplantation may be influenced by various factors, including the geographic location of the recipient during childhood, possibly associated with exposure to different microorganisms.

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Diversity of Natural Anti-α-Galactosyl Antibodies in Human Serum

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Are there advantages in the use of specific pathogen‐free baboons in pig organ xenotransplantation models?

Are there advantages in the use of specific pathogen‐free baboons in pig organ xenotransplantation models?

The role of Galactose in human health and disease

Is There a Correlation Between Anti-Pig Antibody Levels in Humans and Geographic Location During Childhood?

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