Diversity of parasitoid and parasitic wasps across a latitudinal gradient: Using public DNA records to work within a taxonomic impediment

Eagalle, Thanushi; Smith, M. Alex

doi:10.1139/facets-2016-0061

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Chalcidoidea species richness is higher in the tropics than in temperate zones [41]. Recent work shows that Ichneumonoidea may follow the same trend [42,43], challenging the idea that this taxa is more diverse at higher latitudes [44]. We did not identify wasps to the species level, but the abundance of wasps we observed in Chiapas may reflect the higher species richness of this taxon in the tropics.…”

Section: Natural Enemiescontrasting

confidence: 64%

Agroecological Pest Management in the City: Experiences from California and Chiapas

et al. 2018

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Urban gardens are a prominent part of agricultural systems, providing food security and access within cities; however, we still lack sufficient knowledge and general principles about how to manage pests in urban agroecosystems in distinct regions. We surveyed natural enemies (ladybeetles and parasitoids) and conducted sentinel pest removal experiments to explore local management factors and landscape characteristics that influence the provisioning of pest control services in California, USA, and Chiapas, Mexico. We worked in 29 gardens across the two locations. In each location, we collected data on garden vegetation, floral availability, ground cover management, and the percentage of natural, urban, and agricultural land cover in the surrounding landscape. We sampled ladybeetles, Chalcidoidea, and Ichneumonoidea parasitoids with sticky traps, and monitored the removal of three different pest species. Ladybeetle abundance did not differ between locations; abundance decreased with garden size and with tree cover and increased with herbaceous richness, floral abundance, and barren land cover. Chalcicoidea and Ichneumonoidea parasitoids were more abundant in Chiapas. Chalcicoidea abundance decreased with herbaceous richness and with urban cover. Ichneumonoidea abundance increased with mulch and bare ground cover, garden size, garden age, and with agriculture land cover but decreased with tree richness and urban cover. Predators removed between 15-100% of sentinel prey within 24 h but prey removal was greater in California. Generally, prey removal increased with vegetation diversity, floral abundance, mulch cover, and urban land cover, but declined with vegetation cover and bare ground. Although some factors had consistent effects on natural enemies and pest control in the two locations, many did not; thus, we still need more comparative work to further develop our understanding of general principles governing conservation biological control in urban settings.

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Section: Natural Enemiescontrasting

confidence: 64%

Agroecological Pest Management in the City: Experiences from California and Chiapas

et al. 2018

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“…Recent DNA sequencing studies of temperate tachinids have also revealed cryptic species, but at an apparently lower frequency (Pohjoismäki et al, 2016). Interestingly, a recent DNA barcode-based analysis of latitudinal patterns of diversity in Hymenopteran parasitoids failed to find evidence for greater hymenopteran parasitoid richness in the tropics (Eagalle and Smith, 2017).…”

Section: Limitations Of Available Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal patterns in tachinid parasitoid diversity (Diptera: Tachinidae): a review of the evidence

Burington

Inclán‐Luna

Pollet

et al. 2020

Insect Conserv Diversity

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Insect parasitoids may be an exception to the typical biogeographic pattern of increasing species richness at lower latitudes exhibited by most taxa. Evidence for this ‘anomalous’ latitudinal gradient has been derived from observations of hymenopteran parasitoids and it has been argued that other parasitoid groups should show a similar pattern of diversity. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this disparity, most notably the nasty host and resource fragmentation hypotheses. We review and evaluate these hypotheses with respect to tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), and bring to the argument evidence from eight trapping surveys from temperate and tropical regions in the Americas including the United States, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. We find no evidence that tachinid fly diversity is lower in the tropics than in the temperate region. Our results, along with other lines of evidence, rather suggest that New World Tachinidae likely conform to the same negative relationship between latitude and richness as their largely phytophagous host taxa. We discuss geographic patterns of tachinid diversity in relation to ecological and evolutionary processes, and why they may differ from their hymenopteran parasitoid counterparts. Parasitoid taxa appear to vary strongly in their diversity responses to latitude and we concur with previous researchers that more survey data are necessary to reach strong conclusions about parasitoid latitudinal diversity patterns.

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“…In addition, a mass-barcoding study of Canadian insects found both Hymenoptera and Diptera more diverse than Coleoptera [87]. Moreover, other historically-accepted ideas about diversity of parasitoid hymenopterans have recently been questioned, including the apparent myth that parasitoids are one of only a few groups whose diversity decreases towards the tropics [88,89]. In any case, we hope this commentary results in a redoubled effort to understand and describe the ecology and natural histories of parasitoid wasps, including host ranges and cryptic host-associated diversity, such that estimates of P:H can be made for additional host genera.…”

Section: What Do Actual P:h Ratios Look Like In Nature?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the unquantifiable: why Hymenoptera – not Coleoptera – is the most speciose animal order

Forbes

Bagley

Beer

et al. 2018

Preprint

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4Background. We challenge the oft-repeated claim that the beetles (Coleoptera) are the most 1 5 species-rich order of animals. Instead, we assert that another order of insects, the Hymenoptera, 1 6 are more speciose, due in large part to the massively diverse but relatively poorly known 1 7 parasitoid wasps. The idea that the beetles have more species than other orders is primarily based 1 8 on their respective collection histories and the relative availability of taxonomic resources, which 1 9 3 1

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Diversity of parasitoid and parasitic wasps across a latitudinal gradient: Using public DNA records to work within a taxonomic impediment

Cited by 12 publications

References 78 publications

Agroecological Pest Management in the City: Experiences from California and Chiapas

Agroecological Pest Management in the City: Experiences from California and Chiapas

Latitudinal patterns in tachinid parasitoid diversity (Diptera: Tachinidae): a review of the evidence

Quantifying the unquantifiable: why Hymenoptera – not Coleoptera – is the most speciose animal order

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