Diversity of potato genetic resources

Abstract

A considerable number of highly diverse species exist in genus Solanum. Because they can adapt to a broad range of habitats, potato wild relatives are promising sources of desirable agricultural traits. Potato taxonomy is quite complex because of introgression, interspecific hybridization, auto- and allopolyploidy, sexual compatibility among many species, a mixture of sexual and asexual reproduction, possible recent species divergence, phenotypic plasticity, and the consequent high morphological similarity among species. Recent researchers using molecular tools have contributed to the identification of genes controlling several types of resistance as well as to the revision of taxonomical relationships among potato species. Historically, primitive forms of cultivated potato and its wild relatives have been used in breeding programs and there is still an enormous and unimaginable potential for discovering desirable characteristics, particularly in wild species Different methods have been developed to incorporate useful alleles from these wild species into the improved cultivars. Potato germplasm comprising of useful alleles for different breeding objectives is preserved in various gene banks worldwide. These materials, with their invaluable information, are accessible for research and breeding purposes. Precise identification of species base on the new taxonomy is essential for effective use of the germplasm collection.

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

“…This study also revealed the value of hardy wild relatives of quinoa, cañahua, and potato as famine foods for Altiplano communities in periods of climate stress. The high glycoalkaloid content of S. juzepczukii and S. curtilobum inherited from their wild progenitors confers resistance to pests and diseases (Tingey 1984;Machida-Hirano 2015). Nonetheless, in this study, farmers observed that due to rising temperatures, S. juzepczukii is starting to be affected by pests.…”

“…The latter species are known for their frost and drought tolerance and are also recognized for resistance to insect pests and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) (Martinez et al 2001;Browman 2003;Baldinelli 2014;Condori et al 2014). The frost tolerance of S. juzepczukii, S. curtilobum, and S. ajanhuiri can be traced to their wild progenitors: S. acaule and S. bolivense (Rodríguez et al 2010;Ovchinnikova et al 2011;Machida-Hirano 2015). Gene flow between wild and cultivated types is an important element of crop adaptation in their centres of origin (e.g.…”

“…Nonetheless, in this study, farmers observed that due to rising temperatures, S. juzepczukii is starting to be affected by pests. These potatoes also are becoming more difficult to freeze-dry, which is a critical practice to reduce their toxin content before consumption and ensure potato supply in lean periods (de Haan et al 2010;Perez et al 2010;Machida-Hirano 2015).…”

Interspecific potato hybrids as donors of durable resistance to pathogens

“…В «Атласе диких видов картофеля» приведены морфологические описания и све-дения о географии местообитаний 196 видов картофеля (Hijmans et al, 2002). Для установления филогенетических отношений между клубнеобразующими видами Solanum использованы молекулярные методы генотипирования (Spooner et al, 2014;Machida-Hirano, 2015). Однако до настоящего времени нет общепризнанной классификации этих видов.…”

Mobilization, conservation and study of cultivated and wild potato genetic resources

“…Вопросам классификации клубненосных видов Sola num L., решаемым с помощью молекулярного и геномного анализа, посвящены работы (Jacobs et al, 2008(Jacobs et al, , 2011Bradeen, Haynes, 2011;Spooner et al, 2014;MachidaHirano, 2015). Родственные взаимоотношения и таксономия ви дов картофеля продолжают оставаться дискуссионными.…”