Diversity of Retrotransposons (Ty3-gypsy, LINEs and Ty1-copia) in Sordaria fimicola

Jamil, Tazeen; Ijaz, Saba; Arif, Rabia; Akram, Faisal; Saleem, Muhammad

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.3.sc6

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“…Environmental stress, spontaneous mutations, recombination, and gene conversion are strong driving agents for genetic variations [ 13 ]. SFS strains of S. fimicola express a high rate of genetic diversity than NFS strains [ 4 , 14 ]. The SFS has very dry and severe conditions, whereas NFS has gentle environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Biodiversity and Posttranslational Modifications of Protease Serine Endopeptidase in Different Strains of Sordaria fimicola

Naureen

Khosa

Mukhtar

et al. 2023

BioMed Research International

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Genetic variations (mutation, crossing over, and recombination) act as a source for the gradual alternation in phenotype along a geographic transect where the environment changes. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) predicted modifications successfully in different and the same species of living organisms. Protein diversity of living organisms is predicted by PTMs. Environmental stresses change nucleotides to produce alternations in protein structures, and these alternations have been examined through bioinformatics tools. The goal of the current study is to search the diversity of genes and posttranslational modifications of protease serine endopeptidase in various strains of Sordaria fimicola. The S. fimicola’s genomic DNA was utilized to magnify the protease serine endopeptidase (SP2) gene; the size of the product was 700 and 1400 base pairs. Neurospora crassa was taken as the reference strain for studying the multiple sequence alignment of the nucleotide sequence. Six polymorphic sites of six strains of S. fimicola with respect to N. crassa were under observation. Different bioinformatics tools, i.e., NetPhos 3.1, NetNES 1.1 Server, YinOYang1.2, and Mod Pred, to search phosphorylation sites, acetylation, nuclear export signals, O-glycosylation, and methylation, respectively, were used to predict PTMs. The findings of the current study were 35 phosphorylation sites on the residues of serine for protease SP2 in SFS and NFS strains of S. fimicola and N. crassa. The current study supported us to get the reality of genes involved in protease production in experimental fungi. Our study examined the genetic biodiversity in six strains of S. fimicola which were caused by stressful environments, and these variations are a strong reason for evolution. In this manuscript, we predicted posttranslational modifications of protease serine endopeptidase in S. fimicola obtained from different sites, for the first time, to see the effect of environmental stress on nucleotides, amino acids, and proteases and to study PTMs by using various bioinformatics tools. This research confirmed the genetic biodiversity and PTMs in six strains of S. fimicola, and the designed primers also provided strong evidence for the presence of protease serine endopeptidase in each strain of S. fimicola.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%