Diversity of Seed-Borne Fungal Phytopathogens

Kamil, Deeba; Toppo, R. Sudeep; Devi, T. Prameela; Kumari, Anjali

doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9046-4_12

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reason for this difference can be explained by the ecology of the seed-borne fungi used in these two experiments – A. alternata, B. sorokiniana, F. avenaceum and Fusarium sp. are known pathogens that negatively affect seed germination and plant growth ( Kamil et al, 2020 ). The effect of C. epichloë on the plant has not been studied thus far and, as it turns out, it is similar to the effect of Epichloë – both fungi acting alone increase seed germination and increase seedling size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fungus Clonostachys epichloë alters the influence of the Epichloë endophyte on seed germination and the biomass of Puccinellia distans grass

2023

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The fungal grass endophyte Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) grows intercellulary in aerial plant parts and reproduces asexually by invading host seeds. In this phase, it enhances seed production and germination, which accelerates its vertical spread. This relationship may be distorted by other seed-born fungi, whose spread is not so directly dependent on the success of the grass. Recently, the fungus Clonostachys epichloë Schroers has been observed on Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl seeds originating from grass clumps infested with stromata, sexual structures of Epichloë typhina that are formed in spring on some host culms, preventing flower and seed development (‘choke disease’). C. epichloë shows mycoparasitic activity toward Epichloë stromata by reducing the production of ascospores, which are responsible for horizontal transmission of the fungus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seed-borne C. epichloë on seed germination, as well as the size and weight of P. distans seedlings and to examine whether C. epichloë alters the influence of Epichloë in the early developmental stages of P. distans. The results showed that if C. epichloë acts on seeds together with E. typhina endophytes, the seeds were negatively affected due to the elimination of the positive effect of the latter in terms of both seed germination rate and seedling length. At the same time, C. epichloë increased the proportion of E. typhina-untreated germinated seeds. Additionally, only the joint action of the two fungi, E. typhina and C. epichloë, effectively stimulated seedling dry mass; the presence of E. typhina alone was not sufficient to noticeably affect seedling size. Based on the increasing commonality of C. epichloë on Epichloë stromata, as well as its potential to be used in biocontrol of ‘choke disease’, we should take a closer look at this fungus, not only in terms of its mycoparasitic ability, but also in terms of its cumulative impact on the whole Epichloë-grass system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fungus Clonostachys epichloë alters the influence of the Epichloë endophyte on seed germination and the biomass of Puccinellia distans grass

2023

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“…The extent to which these fungal pathogens occur in seeds depends on their capability to survive under extremely dry conditions of seed as a carrier of the disease (Neergaard, 1977). Many fungal pathogens are associated with crops among which nearly 300 fungal microflora are found associated with approximately 25 % of world crop production that produces harmful mycotoxins for humans and animals (Kamil et al, 2020). Finger millet seeds with fungal infections are potentially toxic to plants and indirectly to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Borne Fungal Pathogens Associated with Finger Millet Accessions

Lamichhane,

Khadka,

Mainali

et al. 2023

J. Plant Prot. Soc.

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Seed health testing to detect seed-borne pathogens is an important step in the management of crop diseases. A study on the detection and identification of seed-borne fungi was done using seeds of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaetrn) accessions collected from different parts of the country. The research was undertaken to determine different seed-borne fungal pathogens associated with seeds of finger millet accessions from November 27, 2020 to February 25, 2021 at National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. A total of 85 seed samples, collected from different parts of the country, were used for the research. A hundred seeds of each sample were tested for the presence of seed-borne fungi using the Deep Freeze Blotter method following the International Rules for Seed Testing Association, 2001, and identification was done based on the growth habit, and morphology of the spores observed. One or more pathogens were detected in 65 out of 85 samples. Four different pathogens, namely Bipolaris nodulosa, Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., and Pyricularia grisea were identified. B. nodulosa and Cladosporium spp. were predominant in most of the samples with seed infection in 42 (49.4%) and 40 (47.05%) seed accessions, respectively. Hence, it is highly recommended to undertake focused research on the economic significance of the seed-borne fungi, while considering their impact and effective management strategies in order to enhance seed health management.

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