Diversity of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Following Mother-to-Child Transmission

Blackard, Jason T.; Renjifo, Boris; Chaplin, Beth; Msamanga, Gernard; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Essex, Max

doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0466

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This is in agreement with data by Tranchat et al (1999), Murray et al (2000) and Tapia et al (2003). Other studies, however, did find a relationship between subtype and MTCT, mostly in Africa where a variety of subtypes exists (Blackard et al 2000, Yang et al 2004, Renjufi et al 2004. It is important to note, however, that the HIV-1 subtypes compared in those studies did not include subtype B, and thus further differences in MTCT might still be of importance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Determinants of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Southern Brazil

Martínez

Hora

Santos

et al. 2006

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes may have distinct biological, immunological and pathogenic properties. Efficiency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) may be among those properties, but few and controversial results have been described so far. In this study, 102 children born from HIV-1-infected mothers between 1998 and 2004 in the city of Rio Grande, Brazil were analyzed for potential risk factors associated with MTCT. That geographic region is characterized by a high proportion of subtype C-infected subjects, and it allowed comparison between subtypes B and C and their influence on MTCT. The analysis also included clinical, obstetric and immunological parameters. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of the parameters on MTCT, and prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95) were also calculated. A surprisingly high prevalence of subtype C of over 70% was found. Only the HIV viral load and the use of ACTG 076 protocol were predictive of MTCT. HIV subtype and CD4 T-cell counts were not associated with increased risk of transmission. Although a clear expansion of subtype C is evident in southern Brazil, it does not seem to correlate with increased risk of vertical transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Determinants of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Southern Brazil

Martínez

Hora

Santos

et al. 2006

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…However, V3 serotyping using an antigen limiting dilution has been reported to increase the antibody avidity and specificity of PEIA (8,11). In Tanzania, HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, CRF10 and URF have been described (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, the changing pattern of circulating HIV-1 subtypes over time and distribution of subtypes throughout the different regions of Tanzania has not been adequately investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serotypes in northern Tanzania: a retrospective study

Nyombi

Nkya

Barongo

et al. 2008

APMIS

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The HIV-1 epidemic in Tanzania is characterized by the circulation of heterogeneous virus subtypes. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the changing pattern of circulating HIV-1 subtypes in northern Tanzania. A peptide-binding enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) was employed to analyse 305 HIV-1 positive serum and plasma samples collected between 1985 and 2005. Samples were serotyped using synthetic peptides representing HIV-1 genotypes A-E derived from consensus gp120 V3 sequences. Plasma samples collected in 2005 were V3 genotyped for comparison with PEIA results. In 1985, serotypes A and D were co-circulating while serotype C was first detected in 1990. In 2001 and 2005, serotype C was the most prevalent, serotype A was stable, and serotype D was declining. PEIA is relatively rapid and simple to perform compared to molecular approaches, and is a valuable epidemiological tool in regions with limited resources. HIV-1 classification into serotypes based on antigenic V3 diversity may be a useful screening tool for the identification of HIV-1 variants with regard to diagnosis, treatment, disease progression and candidate vaccine development.

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“…However, this region is associated with viral genetic regulation. Both regions evolve differently, and it is likely that LTR is under neutral or even negative selective pressure, as reported for other retroviruses (Blackard et al, 2000). BLV LTR phylogeny is marked by a major group (Group 1), with viruses from multiple continents and minor groups (Groups 2-5) divided into clusters formed by sequences from specific countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Genetic variability and phylogeny of the 5' long terminal repeat from Brazilian bovine leukemia virus

Hirsch¹,

Camargos²,

Barbosa-Stancioli³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 22 strains of bovine leukemia virus obtained by polymerase chain reaction to amplify a 582-base pair fragment of the transcriptional regulatory region 5' long terminal repeat (LTR). Twenty-two samples of proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing bovine leukemia virus from naturally infected bovine from 4 distinct geographic regions in Brazil were investigated. The products obtained by polymerase chain reaction were subjected to direct sequencing and sequence alignment. Fragments of 422 nucleotides were obtained, located between positions -118 and +303 base pairs of the 5'LTR. These fragments corresponded to 80% of the LTR region and included 56% of sub-region U3, 100% of R, and 82.5% of U5. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed a high conservation degree in the 5'LTR region, with 5 14531 Phylogeny of 5' LTR Brazilian bovine leukemia virus ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 14530-14538 (2015) well defined groups. However, a hotspot occurrence in the R-U5 region was also observed, which contained 40% of all nucleotide variability observed.

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Diversity of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Following Mother-to-Child Transmission

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Determinants of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Southern Brazil

Determinants of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Southern Brazil

Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serotypes in northern Tanzania: a retrospective study

Genetic variability and phylogeny of the 5' long terminal repeat from Brazilian bovine leukemia virus

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