Diversity on Television

Graves, Sherryl Browne

doi:10.4135/9781483345468.n3

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In addition, several scholars have documented the negative images of blacks in news coverage of crime (Delgado 1994;Dixon 1998;Entman 1990Entman , 1992Entman , 1994Johnson 1987). And it does not end there: whether it is children's programs, "reality-based" programs, sitcoms, or advertising, blacks are often portrayed in a stereotypical fashion (Graves 1996;Humphrey and Schuman 1984;Oliver 1994;Poindexter and Stroman 1981). These images are pervasive in our society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty as We Know It

Clawson¹,

Trice²

2000

Public Opinion Quarterly

155

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty as We Know It

Clawson¹,

Trice²

2000

Public Opinion Quarterly

155

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“…Similar concerns have been voiced by researchers and critics examining representations of both women and racial=ethnic minorities on television and in lm (e.g. Dale 1970Dale [1935 ;Haskell 1979;Guerrero 1993;Graves 1996). This body of evidence suggests it has been typical for the media to either utilize stereotypes disparaging females and minorities and thereby perpetuate myths concerning their existence or to completely exclude them, implying that members of these groups occupy no signi cant social space.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This research suggests that women and minorities are under-represented compared to their actual presence in society and when portrayed they are cast in stereotypical roles (Jones 1942;Smythe 1954;Clarke 1969;Seggar, Hafen and Hannenen-Gladden 1981;Lichter, Lichter, Rothman, and Amundson 1987;Vande Berg and Streckfuss 1992;Carson, Dittmar, and Welsch 1995;Douglas 1995;Graves 1996;Rich 1998;Barner 1999;Elasmar, Hasegawa, and Brain 1999;Signorielli and Bacue 1999). Women and racial=ethnic minorities fare better in certain types of programming, such as comedies (Greenberg, Simmons, Hogan, and Atkins 1980;Davis 1990;Matabane and Merritt 1996), but members of these groups seldom have leading roles (Dominick and Greenberg 1970;Dominick 1979;Maio 1991).…”

Section: Representations and Starring Rolesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Modern Film

Eschholz¹,

Bufkin²,

Long³

2002

Sociological Spectrum

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Criticisms of mass media productions often include a discussion of how women and minorities are systematicall y excluded and=or relegated to minor roles, or roles that match traditional stereotypes. These types of portrayals are important factors in the social construction of reality among the general public, and therefore may perpetuate racism and sexism on a larger scale. Using a content analysis of fifty popular films in 1996 the present study explores the demographic composition of the leading actresses and actors. The goal is to gauge the strength of female and minority presence and to provide an assessment of character representations through an analysis of labor force participation , sex-roles of occupation, prestige of occupation, and gender. Findings indicate that although both women and minorities have made some advancement in their film portrayals, compared to earlier studies, they still are under-represented in leading roles in Hollywood, and their portrayals are often consistent with traditional stereotypes.

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“…How does the presence or absence of cross-race experiences interact with exposure to television content? There are very little data of this kind, though it is known, for example, that African American children and youth have higher levels of television viewing (Comstock, 1991;Graves, 1996) and are more likely to watch programs with same-race characters (Graves, 1996;Greenberg & Atkin, 1982;Greenberg & Brand, 1994). Given changes in the television landscape with wide adoption of cable, how are children using mass-audience programming versus programming narrowcasted to their racial/ethnic group?…”

Section: Subject Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television and Prejudice Reduction: When Does Television as a Vicarious Experience Make a Difference?

Graves

1999

Journal of Social Issues

160

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Televised role portrayals and interracial interactions, as sources of vicarious experience, contribute to the development of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination among children. The first section of this article reviews the amount and nature of racial/ethnic content on television, including limited portrayals of racial/ethnic groups and of interracial/ethnic interaction. The second section focuses on theoretical models that help explain television's role in the development, maintenance, and modification of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. The third section addresses research on the effects of television in altering stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, with particular attention given to media intervention programs specifically designed to address these issues (Sesame Street and Different and the Same). This article concludes with a discussion of suggestions for future research.Almost all children have a television, with 97% living in households with a VCR and 74% having access to cable or satellite television (Rideout, Foehr, Roberts, & Brodie, 1999). The most recent statistics suggest that children watch almost 3 hr per day of television (Rideout et al., 1999). As a "window on the world" television can be seen as a vehicle for providing children and youth with experiences and information otherwise not available to them, their families or communities. In the case of race relations, television is indeed a key socializing agent. Both non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans are most likely to live in a neighborhood in which most residents are of the same ethnic group (

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Diversity on Television

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Poverty as We Know It

Poverty as We Know It

Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Modern Film

Television and Prejudice Reduction: When Does Television as a Vicarious Experience Make a Difference?

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