Diversity patterns and composition of native and exotic floras in central Chile

Figueroa, Javier; Teillier, Sebastián; Castro, Sergio A.

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.002

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to Figueroa et al (2011), the Mediterranean zone of central Chile contains 2,395 native species and 507 exotics that represent 18 % of the flora in this region. This proportion increases significantly in the espinal, where the percentage of exotic species is much greater [37 and 49 % according to Figueroa .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Spain to Chile: environmental filters and success of herbaceous species in Mediterranean-climate regions

et al. 2014

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In central Chile, many exotic species associated with cereal culture and livestock activities were introduced during Spanish colonization. Nowadays, Chilean semi-natural grasslands are a mixture of native species and exotics that mainly originated in the Mediterranean Basin. The establishment and persistence of exotics (i.e. naturalization) can be due to abiotic (climate and soil properties) and biotic (interaction between plants) factors. We assess the importance of these environmental factors as filters that have promoted/ limited the successful naturalization of Spanish species in Chile. Fifteen sites distributed throughout a wide range of Mediterranean climatic conditions, with similar geomorphology and land-use, were selected in both Chile and Spain. At each site we recorded a broad set of soil and climate variables as well as plant species richness during two consecutive years. In Chile, species were classified as natives or exotics whereas in Spain species were classified as colonizers (species that have been naturalized in Chile) or exclusives (only present in Spain). Species richness was higher in Spain (229 species) than in Chile (152), the latter with a high proportion (almost 50 %) of exotics. Different environmental factors affected species richness in each Mediterranean region. In Spain, species classified as colonizers were weakly related to a combination of soil and climate properties, while in Chile the number of exotic species was highly related with climate conditions (especially water availability). Lack of association between native and exotic species richness indicated that biotic filters (i.e. species competition) are less important than abiotic ones in transcontinental naturalization in Chile.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Spain to Chile: environmental filters and success of herbaceous species in Mediterranean-climate regions

et al. 2014

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“…As a consequence, there is a loss in native ecosystems and a gain in alien species (Pauchard et al 2006;Figueroa et al 2011), which can potentially decrease native species numbers and lead to local extinctions (Gaertner et al 2009). Despite such a highly disturbed matrix around Concepción, a remnant of the potential natural forest ecosystem could prevail due to its function as drinking water reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Struggling to maintain native plant diversity in a peri-urban reserve surrounded by a highly anthropogenic matrix

Heinrichs

Pauchard

2015

Biodivers Conserv

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High human density and land use intensity often coincide with biodiversity hotspots making peri-urban reserves a keystone for conserving natural remnants in a highly anthropogenic matrix. Particularly, intense propagule pressure by alien plant species can pose a threat to native biodiversity. However, little is known about the factors that determine invasibility and the role of roads and other human disturbances for such small protected areas. Within a peri-urban reserve close to the city of Concepción, south-central Chile, we investigated the influence of different site and landscape characteristics on the richness of native and alien plant species across different habitat (ruderal, road and forest sites) and forest types (native and alien dominated forests). Compared to other protected areas, alien species were frequently found in this reserve indicating the importance of urban areas as source for alien species. Aliens concentrate around disturbed ruderal and road sites, facilitating their spread into the reserve. Natural forest areas are less invaded until now. Within forests alien plant species richness was, however, positively associated to the proximity to disturbed landscapes. Forests dominated by alien tree species within the reserve are not the source for alien species within natural forests, but they negatively affect native species richness by replacing adequate seed sources. In order to prevent a further spread of alien species into peri-urban reserves, large scale anthropogenic disturbances should be minimized, already invaded sites must be monitored and buffer-zones protecting reserves from surrounding land use activities should be established. Communicated by David Hawksworth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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“…Esto ligado a una alta densidad poblacional (INE, 2013), asociada a mayores niveles de perturbación antrópica y a una larga historia de asentamientos humanos (Arroyo et al, 2000), conlleva a que la zona sea propicia para el desarrollo de taxa exóticos (Figueroa et al, 2011;Pauchard et al, 2006). La zona mediterránea de Chile central (31-38°S) contiene una riqueza florística de 2395 especies nativas, de las cuales el 50% son endémicas del país (Arroyo & Cavieres, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Rápido movimiento de plantas exóticas en la zona central de Chile. Una reconstrucción a través de evidencia histórica y palinológica.

Vargas¹,

Torrejón²,

Pauchard³

et al. 2017

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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Para comprender la dinámica de las comunidades vegetales que conforman actualmente a la zona central de Chile, se realizó un análisis polínico-sedimentario que diferenció entre taxones nativos y exóticos. Este fue complementado con una reconstrucción histórica de los últimos 500 añosdel valle Itata, Región del Bio-Bio. Con lo anterior, se establecieron tres periodos históricos: Situación Prehispánica, se describe al valle como un llano provisto de vegetación xeromórfica, pobre en especies; Periodo de Auge Agrícola-ganadero, caracterizado por la aparición de las primeras plantas exóticas: Poaceae >40um, Rumex, Rutaceae, Prunus, tréboles y cardos, las cuales se aclimataron y expandieron rápidamente, favorecidas aún más, por los conflictos bélicos y movimientos socioculturales de los siglos XVII-XIX; Periodo Forestal, dónde se registraron especies de rápido crecimiento como: Alnus, Acacia, Eucalyptus, Cupressus y Pinus, introducidas con los objetivos de detener la erosión de los suelos y de satisfacer la creciente demanda en madera. En sólo 250 años (1600-1850) la cantidad de especies exóticas habría igualado a las especies nativas. No obstante, estas se habrían adaptado a suelos menosfavorecidos, no afectando mayormente a los árboles nativos. Entre estas plantas destaca el pino, su introducción en la región habría ocurrido en ~1850, tardando sólo 50 años en dominar el paisaje natural de la cuenca.

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Diversity patterns and composition of native and exotic floras in central Chile

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

From Spain to Chile: environmental filters and success of herbaceous species in Mediterranean-climate regions

From Spain to Chile: environmental filters and success of herbaceous species in Mediterranean-climate regions

Struggling to maintain native plant diversity in a peri-urban reserve surrounded by a highly anthropogenic matrix

Rápido movimiento de plantas exóticas en la zona central de Chile. Una reconstrucción a través de evidencia histórica y palinológica.

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