Divided Cities: Increasing Socio-Spatial Polarization within Large Cities in the Netherlands

Zwiers, Merle; Kleinhans, Reinout; Ham, Maarten van

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2575062

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…htm.). This trend of income polarization has intensified in Canadian and other cities globally alongside a progressive loss of middle-income earners in urban areas [23,24]. Australian regional data were collected in moderate-sized clinics in many regional cities and describe a population weighted towards a higher SES overall, with much lower proportions of participants with greater deprivation/lower SES than Canada or the UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic representativeness of Australian, Canadian and British cohorts from the paediatric diabetes AdDIT study: comparisons to regional and national data

Mahmud,

Clarke,

Elia

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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Background Given limited data regarding the involvement of disadvantaged groups in paediatric diabetes clinical trials, this study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic representativeness of participants recruited into a multinational clinical trial in relation to regional and national type 1 diabetes reference populations. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of a subset of adolescent type 1 diabetes cardiorenal intervention trial (AdDIT) participants from Australia (n = 144), Canada (n = 312) and the UK (n = 173). Validated national measures of deprivation were used: the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) 2016 (Australia), the Material Resources (MR) dimension of the Canadian Marginalisation index 2016 (Canada) and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015 (UK). Representativeness was assessed by comparing the AdDIT cohort’s distribution of deprivation quintiles with that of the local paediatric type 1 diabetes population (regional), and the broader type 1 diabetes population for which the trial’s intervention was targeted (national). Results Recruited study cohorts from each country had higher proportions of participants with higher SES, and significant underrepresentation of lower SES, in relation to their national references. The socioeconomic make-up in Australia mirrored that of the regional population (p = 0.99). For Canada, the 2nd least deprived (p = 0.001) and the most deprived quintiles (p < 0.001) were over- and under-represented relative to the regional reference, while the UK featured higher regional and national SES bias with over-representation and under-representation from the least-deprived and most-deprived quintiles (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Significant national differences in trial participation of low SES participants were observed, highlighting limitations in access to clinical research and the importance of reporting sociodemographic representation in diabetes clinical trials. Trial registration NCT01581476. Registered on 20 April 2012.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic representativeness of Australian, Canadian and British cohorts from the paediatric diabetes AdDIT study: comparisons to regional and national data

Mahmud,

Clarke,

Elia

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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“…Between the period 2010-2022, however, social urban policy has been less on the agenda due to decentralization processes in spatial planning profession, legal restrictions for social housing companies, and a stop of neighborhood renewal programs. Studies report on increasing issues of safety and livability in certain areas (Leijdelmeijer et al, 2020), on increasing patterns of socio-spatial polarization within Dutch cities (Zwiers et al, 2015), and on unequal accessibility among groups of people to pivotal urban services (Raad voor de Leefomgeving en Infrastructuur, 2020)…”

Section: Societal Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing places for human capabilities

Janssen

2024

Architecture and the Built Environment

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This dissertation develops an understanding towards governing social sustainability goals into area-based urban development projects. It draws on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach to construct a capability-centered evaluation of how institutionalized governance processes around these projects ultimately affect people’s freedoms to do the things they value in their urban living environment. Presenting case studies from the Netherlands, Sweden and Austria, the approach adopted in this dissertation reveals the unique ways in which different individuals interpret urban social sustainability and convert spatial resources into personal capabilities. The research uncovers the governance elements and institutional conditions around urban development projects that enable or constrain resource-to-capability conversions. It shows that governing social sustainability goals into urban development projects is a balancing act between reflexive governance action on the one hand, and an institutionalization of principles, actor responsibilities, and funding provision on the other hand. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that, to steer towards urban social sustainability, urban development practices can be improved by adopting an approach that is not merely focused on spatial improvements, but takes the equal expansion of human capabilities as its point of departure.

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“…Two methods that are predominately taken to further understand the spatial distribution of firearm incidents and its relation to different subgroups of the population is the application of multivariate regression models and spatial clustering techniques on geo-enabled crime datasets (Mohler, 2014;Zwiers & Kleinhans, 2015;Kalesan & Galea, 2017;Larsen et al, 2017;Riley et al, 2017;Saunders et al, 2017;Loeffler & Flaxman, 2018;Kim, 2019;Tracy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis By Utilizing Demographic and Socioecon...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interdependence found within these neighbourhoods is further seen when applying GIS tools to display the locations of firearm incidents. Results of this type of analysis has shown that firearm violence is concentrated in specific locations and then disperse over space from their central point (Larsen et al, 2017;Mohler, 2014;Kalesan & Galea, 2017;Loeffler & Flaxman, 2018;Barboza, 2018;Tracy et al, 2019;Riley et al, 2017;Geier et al, 2017;Zwiers & Kleinhans, 2015). There is a connection between place, race and socioeconomic status when reviewing firearm related incidents that cannot be explained when reviewing the connection between the incident's location and the community it occurred in when using GIS software alone.…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be further broken down into the mislabeling of negative stereotyping on marginalized populations and using those labels to create a level of separation amongst the general population and "them" (Ibid). This difference is subjected to the intersection of the built structure of a city (Jefferson, 2018), the historical inequality in regards to the distribution of resources within cities (August, 2014;Zwiers & Kleinhans, 2015;Kim, 2019) and utilizing existing policies to create change without examining how those policies were used to create the system in place which created and further reinstated the stigma associated with high crime areas (Jefferson, 2018;Stanbrook, 2019).…”

Section: Spatial Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Social and Spatial Analysis of Firearm Related Incidents in Toronto

Ramnarayan

2023

Preprint

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<p>The overall objective of this paper is to determine the location of spatio-temporal clustering of Firearm Related Incidents (FRI) in the City of Toronto between 2014-2018, to determine specific demographic, economic and social variables that would most likely be impacted by FRI violence and explore potential locations to host support groups for populations disproportionally impacted by FRI. Utilizing PCA/factor analysis and a grouping analysis (K-Means) was done as an attempt to minimize the presence of ecological fallacy and reduce the impact of spatial stigma typically associated to subgroups of the population historically impacted by FRI. A regression model was done to test the validity of the grouping analysis and finally a location-allocation model was produced to identify potential support centre locations. Findings revealed that FRI in Toronto rose between 2014-2017 but decreased in 2018. There is spatial auto-correlation occurring throughout all years and areas historically impacted see a rise in FRI as years progress. Findings also revealed that variables for low educational attainment, low income, high visible minority status, lone parents and those between the ages of 0-19 were more likely to encounter FRI. A total of 21 potential locations were identified in a way to alleviate the side effects of FRI occurring in identified areas.</p>

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Divided Cities: Increasing Socio-Spatial Polarization within Large Cities in the Netherlands

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Socioeconomic representativeness of Australian, Canadian and British cohorts from the paediatric diabetes AdDIT study: comparisons to regional and national data

Socioeconomic representativeness of Australian, Canadian and British cohorts from the paediatric diabetes AdDIT study: comparisons to regional and national data

Developing places for human capabilities

A Social and Spatial Analysis of Firearm Related Incidents in Toronto

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