“…Third, emerging markets may be promising laboratories for studies in corporate nancial decisions due to their special characteristics. Many studies nd supporting evidence for the bird in hand theory across young markets such as Pakistan (Farrukh et al, 2017), Thailand (Tangrukwaraskul and Kulchanarat, 2019), Malaysia (Qamar, 2019), India (Kumaraswamy et al, 2019) and Rwanda (Ngoboka and Singirankabo, 2021) in normal economic conditions. Therefore, our ndings may provide implications for managers and investors in other markets.…”