Division of Chloroplasts in a Green Alga, Trebouxia potteri

Chida, Yukie; Ueda, Katsumi

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088179

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These ®laments are believed to be products of the vesicles (Mita and Kuroiwa 1988). In the green alga Trebouxia potteri, the ®brillar vesicle (FV) and tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are observed attached to the chloroplast surface in the divisional plane, before the PD ring is formed (Chida and Ueda 1991). The FV and ER are thought to take part in the formation of the PD ring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, Hashimoto (1986) revealed that in Avena sativa the PD ring is composed of concentric double rings (PD ring doublet): an outer ring present on the cytoplasmic face of the outer envelope membrane, and an inner ring present on the stromal face of the inner envelope membrane. A PD ring or PD ring doublet has been detected in a variety of terrestrial plants (Hashimoto 1986;Tewinkel and Volkmann 1987;Hashimoto and Possingham 1989;Oross and Possingham 1989;Duckett and Ligrone 1993a,b) and algae (Mita et al 1986;Mita and Kuroiwa 1988;Chida and Ueda 1991;Kuroiwa et al 1993;Hashimoto 1997) and is believed to be ubiquitous in plants (for reviews, see Kuroiwa 1991;Kuroiwa et al 1998). In all plants except for the primitive red algae C. caldarium and Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Kuroiwa et al 1993), and the primitive green alga Nannochloris bacillaris (Ogawa et al 1995), PD rings are only detected in the late phase of plastid division.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orderly formation of the double ring structures for plastid and mitochondrial division in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Miyagishima

Itoh

Toda

et al. 1998

Planta

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The formation of the plastid-dividing ring (PD ring) and mitochondrion-dividing ring (MD ring) was studied in a highly synchronous culture of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The timing and the order of formation of the MD and PD rings were determined by observing organelles around the onset of their division, using transmission electron microscopy. In C. merolae, there is one chloroplast and one mitochondrion per cell, and the shape of the chloroplast changes sequentially from acorn-like, to round, to trapezoidal, to peanut-shaped, in that order, during the early stage of chloroplast division. None of the cells with acorn-shaped or round chloroplasts contained organelles with PD rings or MD rings, while all of the cells with peanut-shaped chloroplasts contained organelles with both PD rings and MD rings. In cells with peanut-shaped chloroplasts, the PD and MD rings were double ring structures, with an outer ring located on the cytoplasmic face of the outer membrane of the organelle, and an inner ring located in the matrix beneath the inner membrane. These results suggested that the double ring structures of the PD ring and the MD ring form when chloroplasts are trapezoidal in shape. Detailed three-dimensional observation of cells with trapezoidal chloroplasts revealed the following steps in the formation of the double ring structures of the PD and MD rings: (i) the inner ring of the PD ring forms ®rst, followed by the outer ring; (ii) then the MD ring forms and becomes visible; (iii) when the double ring structures of the two rings have formed, the microbody then moves from its remote location to the plane of division of the mitochondrion and contraction of the PD and MD rings commences. These steps were also con®rmed by computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of the images from serial thin sections. This study reveals the order of formation of the double ring structures of the PD and MD rings, and the behavior of the microbody around the onset of division of plastids and mitochondria. The results also provide the ®rst evidence that the inner PD ring is not a tension element formed by the contractile pressure but a de®nite structure, independent of the outer ring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orderly formation of the double ring structures for plastid and mitochondrial division in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Miyagishima

Itoh

Toda

et al. 1998

Planta

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“…On the mechanism of plastokinesis, electron-opaque annular structures (plastiddividing rings) have been detected around the constricting isthmus in a range of land plants (Hashimoto 1986;Tewinkel and Volkmann 1987;Hashimoto and Possingham 1989;Oross and Possingham 1989;Duckett and Ligrone 1993a, b) and algae (Mita et at, 1986, Mita and Kuroiwa 1988, Chida and Ueda 1991, Ueda and Nonaka 1992, Kuroiwa et al 1993, and have been suggested to be involved in the constriction of the ptastid envelope membranes. Most studies on plastid division have been made on the type of plastids that are surrounded by an envelope of two membranes in chlorophyte and rhodophyte algae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-opaque annular structure girdling the constricting isthmus of the dividing chloroplasts ofHeterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae, Chromophyta)

Hashimoto

1997

Protoplasma

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Summary.The plastokinesis (kinesis of chloroplasts) of a raphidophyte alga, Heterosigma akashiwo, was studied by electron microscopy using rapid freezing and freeze-substitution techniques. The chloroplasts are enveloped by two pairs of tightly appressed double membranes, the inner and the cytoplasmic outer pair. The inner pair constricts to divide in advance of the outer pair. By observation of serial sections an electron-opaque, annular structure (plastid-dividing ring) was observed at the isthmus of constricting chloroplasts, girdling the periplastidal outer surlhce of the inner pair of the four surrounding membranes. These observations suggest that the mechanisms underlying the constriction of the inner and outer pair may differ from each other. The localization of the annular structure (plastid-dividing ring) suggests that the inner pair of the surrounding membranes may be homologous to the double envelope membranes of the chloroplasts of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. In addition these findings provide a new evidence supporting the secondary endosymbiosis hypothesis for the origin of the chloroplasts in chromophyte algae.

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“…Makino in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The cells were cultured in modified Ichimura s C medium (Chida and Ueda 1991) and grown under continuous light (17.6 µmol photons m 2 s 1 ) at 23 C.…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mother Cell Wall Cleavage during Filament Formation in <i>Stichococcus bacillaris</i> (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Yamamoto

Handa²,

Kawachi

et al. 2016

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Stichococcus Nägeli is a unicellular green algal species that belongs to the Trebouxiophyceae. Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli NIES-3639 propagates by binary fission, but can form a filament without separating into two daughter cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that cytokinesis starts according to invagination of the plasma membrane at the plane of division. Synthesis of the daughter cell wall occurs on the surface of invaginating plasma membrane during the protoplast division phase. The mother cell wall may cleave after protoplast division in either the single-cell or filament state. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed scars of cleaved mother cell walls from the single-cell state, two-cell state after cell division, and fourcell state during filament formation. Because the mother cell wall was cleaved, the delay of the daughter cell separation may have caused filament formation. Since this cell division cycle repeats rapidly, it may begin before the separation of the daughter cells yielded by the former cell cycle.

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Division of Chloroplasts in a Green Alga, Trebouxia potteri

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Orderly formation of the double ring structures for plastid and mitochondrial division in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Orderly formation of the double ring structures for plastid and mitochondrial division in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Electron-opaque annular structure girdling the constricting isthmus of the dividing chloroplasts ofHeterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae, Chromophyta)

Mother Cell Wall Cleavage during Filament Formation in <i>Stichococcus bacillaris</i> (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

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