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Abstract

We investigated the temporal expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule, neurotrimin, in the rat cerebellum and the brainstem from birth to adulthood using immunoreactive labeling. A wave of expression accompanied the development of projection pathways extending from brainstem nuclei (pons/inferior olive) through the cerebellar peduncles into the arbor vitae and disappeared with myelination by P14. Immuno-EM revealed expression of neurotrimin on the surface of unmyelinated axons but not on astrocytes or oligodendroglia. With the development of the molecular and internal granular layers, intense labeling occurred on the surface of parallel fiber bundles, granule cells and mossy fibers. With synaptogenesis, each excitatory junction was labeled by the immunoreaction. By P21, neurotrimin reactivity decreased on the surfaces of neuronal somata, dendrites and axons but remained at excitatory synaptic contact sites in both the molecular and granular layers. The spatial-temporal expression pattern of neurotrimin suggests that this adhesion molecule plays a role in axonal fasciculation of specific cerebellar systems and may also be involved in the formation of excitatory synapses and their stabilization into adulthood.

Simultaneous analysis of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and chromium picolinate in foods using capillary electrophoresis‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…Therefore, it is necessary to convert Cr 3+ into a negatively charged complex in order to impart a similar mobility to all CrO 4 2− , Cr 3+ , and CrPic. So far, some chelating agents including EDTA, 1,2-cyclohexane diaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and 2,6pyridinedicarboxylic acid have been used for chelating Cr 3+ in order to separate CrO 4 2− and Cr 3+ with CE [28][29][30][31][32]. In this experiment, various chelating agents including EDTA, 1,2cyclohexane diaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and DCTA were used to chelate Cr 3+ in order to convert Cr 3+ into a negatively charged complex, and finally impart a similar mobility to all CrO 4 2− , Cr 3+ complex, and CrPic.…”

“…In comparison with chromatographic techniques, CE has several advantages including higher separation efficiency, small sample volume requirement, less reagent consumption, various separation modes, and low operating cost. For these advantages, it has been used for the speciation analysis of chromium by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer or conductometric detector [28][29][30][31]. However, these methods have poorer sensitivity due to the limitation of ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer and conductometric detector.…”

PTPBR7 Binding Proteins in Myelinating Neurons of the Mouse Brain

“…In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that IgLON members either enhance or inhibit neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis 37. Neurotrimin is expressed in cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells and its developmental pattern of expression points to roles in axon fasciculation and synaptogenesis 38. PTPBR7 is expressed at all developmental stages in mouse cerebellar granular cells.…”

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Neuronal Development and Synapse Regulation

“…In contrast to contactin-1, Ntm has been shown to accumulate both pre- and post-synaptically in synapses between parallel fibers of granule cells and dendritic spines of Purkinje cells and in synapses between mossy fiber terminals and granule cell dendrites but was not present in inhibitory synapses made by stellate or basket cells ( Chen et al, 2001 ). LAMP is expressed pre- and post-synaptically in synapses in the developing lateral septum, but is detected only post-synaptically in synapses formed on granule cells of the dentate gyrus in adult hippocampus ( Zacco et al, 1990 ).…”

“…Ntm levels gradually increase in the forebrain during development reaching the plateau at postnatal day 7 and then decline in adults ( Struyk et al, 1995 ). Ntm levels are also increased in the molecular layer and the internal granular layer of the cerebellum during the period of synaptogenesis and reduce shortly after the active period of synaptogenesis ends, but remain high at synaptic contacts ( Chen et al, 2001 ). Levels of NCAM and particularly NCAM120 increase in chick cornea and corneal nerves during corneal innervation ( Mao et al, 2012 ).…”